基于 Matlab 的分布式电源对配电网运行的影响效应分析摘要随着化石能源供应的日益紧张以及全球性环境问题的不断恶化，通过发展清洁能源和可再生能源，促进能源可持续发展成为当前世界各国的共识。电能具有输送方便、使用广泛，可方便转换为其他形式的能源。因此，可再生能源的开发主要以发电为主。可再生能源的快速开发和国家的激励政策，促进了分布式电源的快速发展。随着大量不同特性的分布式电源并入电网，对电网的运行、规划、电能质量造成影响。大量分布式电源通常隶属于不同运营者，当所有发电商都接入同一个配电网时，需要建立相应的管理机制，以确保这些电源的顺利并网和配电网的安全运行。为了保证各分布式发电商的利益公平和配电网的安全稳定运行，需要解析出各个电源对配电网运行变量的影响。基于此背景，本研究针对现有的配电网分析计算方法、分布式电源特性等进行了深入研究分析；基于配电网潮流灵敏度和数值积分提出了一种对配电网中运行变量的解析方法。在此基础上，针对分布式电源对网损、各节点电压、各支路潮流等运行变量影响的解析进行了详细的公式推导；根据上述方法进行了算法设计，基于 Matlab 算法开发了程序，并针对程序运行中的具体问题进行了优化处理；对不同网络结构，以及多种类型分布式电源接入后的算例进行了测试结果表明，采用上述方法后，各电源对某个运行变量的影响总和即为所有电源对该运行变量共同造成的影响，从而验证了该方法的正确性与适用性。研究结果表明精确解析出配电网中各分布式电源对电网运行变量的影响，可以为配电网的运营管理、安全稳定运行提供有力的数据支持，不仅可以解决网损分摊问题，并且可进一步深入解析各电源对配电网运行变量的影响。关键词： Matlab，分布式电源，配电网，影响效应ABSTRACTWith the worsening of fossil energy supply increasingly tense and global environmental problems, through the development of clean energy and renewable energy, promote energy for sustainable development has become the consensus of all countries in the world. Electric energy can be transported conveniently and widely used, which can be easily converted to other forms of energy. Therefore, the development of renewable energy is mainly based on power generation. The rapid development of renewable energy and national incentive policies, and promote the rapid development of distributed power. With a large number of different characteristics of distributed power into the power grid, the power grid operation, planning, power quality is affected. A large number of distributed power usually belonging to different operators, when all the power suppliers access with a distribution network and need to establish corresponding management mechanism, to ensure the safe operation of the power supply to these successfully connected to the grid and distribution network. In order to ensure the security and stability operation of the distributed generator, the influence of each power supply on the operating variables of the distribution network is needed.Based on this background, this study in view of the existing distribution network analysis calculation method and the properties of distributed generation and conducted in-depth research and analysis, based on the distribution network power flow sensitivity and the numerical integral is proposed for running variable analytic method for distribution network. Based, for distributed power effect on the loss of the network, the node voltage, each branch power flow variables to run the analysis of detailed formulas; according to the method of algorithm design, program is developed based on the Matlab algorithm and program runs with body problem is optimized for; to the different network structure, and various types of DG examples were tested and the results show that the, by adopting the method, the power of a running variable influence the sum that implications for all power to the operating variables and jointly create a, thus validating the correctness and applicability of the method. The results of the study show that exact analytical the influence of distribution network in the distributed power supply of power grid operation variables, can support for the operation and management of the distribution network, the safe and stable operation provide strong data can not only solve the network loss allocation problem, and further in-depth analysis of each power source of distribution network operation variables influence.Key Words: Matlab，Distributed Generation，Distribution Network，Influential EffectI目录第 1 章绪论 .51.1 研究背景与意义 .51.2 分布式电源的特性及其并网运行 .61.2.1 分布式电源的特点 .61.2.2 分布式电源的控制方式 .71.2.3 分布式电源并网管理 .81.3 分布式电源对配电网的影响 .91.3.1 分布式电源对配电网规划的影响 .91.3.2 分布式电源对配电网运行的影响 .101.3.3 开发分布式电源对配电网市场化的要求 .121.4 国内外研究现状 .131.5 本文主要研究内容 .14第二章含分布式电源的配电网潮流计算 .162.1 引言 .162.2 分布式电源的运行特性与并网模型 .162.3 常规配电网潮流计算 .202.4 含分布式电源配电网的潮流计算 .222.5 本章小结 .23第 3 章配电网运行变量的解析方法 .243.1 引言 .243.2 运行变量解析的总体策略 .243.3 运行变量的灵敏度 .283.3.1 灵敏度理论分析 .283.3.2 运行变量的灵敏度计算 .313.4 对网损等标量函数的解析 .373.4.1 单轮功率注入对网损的影响 .373.4.2 全部功率对网损的影响 .