华章 MBA助推中国 MBA 的辉煌 http:/www.szhzmba.com 咨询电话：1MBA 翻译之理论与技巧英译汉概论1. MBA 大纲对英译汉的要求及评分标准。 （10 月，能够将一般性题材的英语短文在正确理解的基础上翻译成通顺的汉语。译文应忠实原文，表达正确。采用语篇翻译的考试形式。将 150-200 词的一般性题材的英语段落翻译成汉语。满分为 20 分。1 月，考查考生理解所给英语语言材料，并将指定部分译成汉语的能力。译文应准确、完整、通顺。有两种形式，A，一篇 450 词的文章，将其中 5 个划线部分约 1330 词译成汉语。B ，将 180 词左右的英文段落译成汉语。满分 20 分）顺达雅，信和顺，忠实 通顺，对译者汉语水平的要求非常高。2. 段落翻译的基本步骤和过程。理解阶段，通读全文，理解大意，弄清逻辑关系，弄清代词的指代意思，分析其中的习惯用法，特殊的比喻，弄清说话人的身份，地位，立场。表达阶段，把信息输出的过程，着手翻译，方法和技巧下文主要讲解。最主要的方法是直译和意译。 审核阶段，有没有漏译和误译，逻辑问题，语言进行润色，修整。不符合汉语习惯的。注意书写工整规范。3. 英译汉的特点及翻译技巧4. 英译汉实战演练5. 历年考题内容，规律及特点分析。 一，直译法和意译法Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。(太笼统)I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子。 （不通顺）我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里的见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了。 直译指不但表达原文的内容，而且还保留原文的表达形式，比如比喻，原文的形象，民族特色。意译不拘泥原文的表达方式，而是根据译出语的文化语言习惯通顺，贴切的表达。能直译的尽量直译，前提是英语句子的结构和内容大体符合汉语的思维形式。要求是词义表达贴切。注意把握尺度，直译的得分比不贴切的意译要高。例 1.There is no reason for us to be enemies.我们没有理由成为敌人。2. You are crazy to go out in this stormy weather.你在这样的暴风雨里外出简直是疯了。3. Keep your shirt on!别激动嘛！4.She is a busy-body.她是个多嘴多舌，爱管闲事的人。5. Do you see any green in my eyes?你以为我是好欺负的吗？6. He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不愿意见的人。7. I hasd butterflies in my stomach for an hour or so before I was due to make my speech.在轮到我演讲之前，有一个小时左右我心里都是怪紧张的。8. After so much bad blood between us, how generous can I expect him to be ?华章 MBA助推中国 MBA 的辉煌 http:/www.szhzmba.com 咨询电话：2我们两之间既然仇恨这么大，他还能宽厚的待我吗？9. The burning question of my childhood had been richly answered.我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案的问题，终于得到了满意的回答。10. When Joan graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.她高中毕业的时候，把一切事情看得太容易了。二，增词法1. That shirt is indeed cheap and fine.那件衬衫真是价廉物美。2. After the volleyball match, he still has an important conference.看完排球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。3. As he came in and begun to talking, words poured out.他一进来就讲开了，滔滔不绝的说个没完。4. A red sun rose from the sea.一轮红日从海面升起。5. Avoid using the machine in extreme heat, cold or humidity.不要在过热， 过冷，湿度过大的情况下使用这台机器。6. Without gravity there would be no air around the earth.如果没有地球引力， 地球周围就不会有空气。7. Such a conclusion can drawn with confidence.我们可以很自信的得出这样一个结论。8. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.大家认为这样做是不妥当的。9Most of the problems have been settled satisfactorily.大多数的问题已经被满意地解决了。9. For mistakes had been made, bad ones.因为已经犯了许多错误，而且还是很糟糕的错误。三， 减词法（省略法）1. We live and learn. He who hesitates is lost.当断不断。活到老，学到老。2. I can do it, and so can you .我能做，你也能做。3Smoking is prohibited in public places.公众场合不准吸烟。4.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？5. United, we stand; divided, we fail .合则存，分则忘。6. It has rained several days.下了几天雨了。7. She covered her face with her hand as if to protect her faces.她用手蒙脸， 好像去保护眼睛。8. Wash your hands before you take your meals.华章 MBA助推中国 MBA 的辉煌 http:/www.szhzmba.com 咨询电话：3饭前要洗手。10. There is rapidly increasing range of uses for computers.计算机的应用范围正在迅速扩大。四，重复法1. You should help her since you have promised to do so .你既然答应了要帮助她就应该帮助她。2. Lets revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们开修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。3. Marketing is pervasive social activity that goes considerably beyond the selling of toothpaste, soap, and steel.营销是一种无处不在的社会活动，它远远超过牙膏，肥皂或者钢铁的销售活动。4. Needs are the basic, often instinctive, human forces that motivate a person to do something.各种需要是人类基本的，通常又是出于本能的驱动力，这种驱动力促使一个人去从事某件事情。五， 隐喻的翻译1 It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.遗憾的是，我们的呼吁石沉大海。3. 分译法1. The comprehensive work covers the entire history of China.这部著作内容丰富多彩，包括了中国整个历史。2. They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see.他们见花就摘，毫不爱惜。3. But another round of war in the region obviously would put strains on international relations.但是，如果该地区再次发生战争， 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。4It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO.人类最终将解开飞行物之谜，这是肯定的。五，词义的选择、1. This is the first round. 这是第一轮。There is a round table the room. 室内有一个圆桌。Round the corner slowly. 慢慢绕过这个角。He walked round the house. 他围绕房子转。Come round tomorrow. 明天来吧。2. She likes reading more than writing. 喜欢He doesnt look like a professor.不像I cant play piano like you do. 不如你3. He shook her hand and went away. 手Mike writes a good hand. 字写的不错His hand is out. 技能荒废了Give me a hand, please. 帮This office is short of hands. 人手We have the situation well in hand. 把握4.1. Could you pick me up at 7? 接华章 MBA助推中国 MBA 的辉煌 http:/www.szhzmba.com 咨询电话：44.2. He slipped and fell , but quickly picked himself up. 爬起4.3. She picked up a used camera at the flea market. 挑了4.4. His health picked up after a week in hospital. 恢复4.5. Survivors of the air disaster were picked up by small boats. 救起4.6. Dont pick up strange boys. 勾搭4.7. How can you manage to pick up the language in such a short period of time? 获得，学会4.8. The murderer was picked up within 24 hours. 抓获4.9. We picked up the story again at the point wher