Module 8 Around town一、课程概述：1会问路，并会给别人指路。2掌握表达方位的一些介词。3会使用问路方面的交际用语。4本模块出现的重点单词有：bank, market, supermarket, pool, square, left, right, revolutionary, opposite, chairman, memorial, between, turn, corner, along, tour, gallery, painting, parliament, clear, boat, off, tower, tourist, guidebook, religious5本模块出现的重点短语有：swimming pool, 二、重点知识归纳及讲解1bankn. 银行；河岸，河畔e.g.Can you jump over to the opposite bank?你能跳到对岸吗？My house is on the south bank of the river.我家坐落在河的南岸。I have money in the bank.我在银行中有存款。a bank manager 银行经理 a bank account 银行帐户 bank-book=passbook 银行存折2touristn. & adj. 游客；旅游的；游览的e.g.London is full of tourists in the summer.在夏季伦敦有很多游客。3squaren. 正方形；正方形的；广场e.g.a square room, table, handkerchief正方形的房间、桌子、手帕cut the paper into squares把纸裁成方形 a market square集市广场Tiananmen Square天安门广场 Hongshan Square洪山广场4revolutionaryadj. 革命的e.g.revolutionary parties, leaders, activities革命政党、领袖、活动Genetic engineering will have revolutionary consequences for mankind.遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响。revolutionn. 革命；（方法、情况等的）彻底改变，重大变革e.g.He has lived through two revolutions.他经历了两次革命。a revolution in the treatment of cancer在癌症治疗上的重大突破5opposite prep. & adj. & adv. & n. 在的对面；对面的；在对面；反义词e.g.I sat opposite to him during the meal.吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。The bank is opposite the supermarket.银行在超市对面。Light is the opposite of heavy.轻是重的反义词。6memorialn. 纪念物；纪念碑This statue is a memorial to a great statesman.这尊雕像是纪念一位伟大的政治家的。a memorial tablet, plaque, service 纪念牌匾、纪念章、纪念仪式7betweenprep.在之间( 两者之间)e.g.He sat between Mary and Jane.他坐在玛丽和简之间。Im usually free between Tuesday and Thursday.我通常在星期二至星期四有空。Children must attend school between 5 and 16.5 至 16 岁的孩子必须上学。区别：between/amongbetween 一般是指两者或者两部分之间，还可以指两个以上各自独立的人或事物；among 指的是很多人/物中间，用来指一个整体的人或物。e.g.Share out the books among the class.把书分发给全班。standing among the crowd at the football match 在人群中站着看足球比赛8along prep. 沿着e.g.Walk along this road and at last you can find the caf.沿着这条路走下去，最后你会看到那家咖啡店。9clearadj. 晴朗的；清晰的；易懂的，明白的；明显的，显然的e.g.the clear water of a mountain lake 山上清澈的湖水a clear sky, day晴朗的天空、一天 clear skin洁净的皮肤a clear explanation, article, meaning易懂的解释、文章、意思Youll do as youre told, is that clear?让你们怎么做就怎么做，明白吗？It is quite clear that she is not coming.很清楚，她不来了。10religiousadj.宗教的e.g.religious service宗教仪式 religionn. 宗教；宗教信仰11swimming pool 游泳池12And how do I get to the Forbidden City?我怎样才能到紫禁城呢？在英语中，有很多表示问路的方式：How do I get to?Can you tell me the way to? Where is?为了表示礼貌，我们经常在问路之前加一句：Excuse me?13Its kind of quiet.kind of 表示“ 有几分” 。这句话的意思为：那个地方有几分安静/比较安静。e.g.She kind of likes him.她有点儿喜欢他。14Go across the square.表示穿过的词语有 across, through，在空间内穿过，用 through；在平面上穿过用 across.e.g.She threw the hat through the window.她把帽子从窗户仍出去了。15In this square we are standing in the middle of London.这里的 in this square 还是修饰我们所站的位置，这句话的意思为：我们正站在伦敦中心的这个广场。16Opposite you can see the London Eye. 这里的 opposite 为副词，修饰整个句子。四、方位表达法：英语方位表示法为数不少，但容易混淆。特别是几个介词的用法常常令自学者无所适从。有时 “一字之差 ” 就可能 “失之千里”。为此，我们拟用比较的方式以 east 为例介绍一些常见的方位表示法。1in the east 与 on the east 的区别（1）in the east 表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。e.g.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。The Great Wall begins in the east from the ShanhaiguanPass and ends at the JiayuguanPass in the west.长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关。（2）on the east 表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。这里的方向是相对而言的。e.g.China faces the Pacific on the east.中国东临太平洋。The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west.美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。2in (to，on，at) the east of （1）要表示 A 在 B 的东部，即：A 在 B 的范围之内时就用A is in the east of B。e.g.Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亚洲东部。Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在欧洲南部。（2）如果 A 在 B 的东方，即：A 在 B 的范围之外，且相隔有一定的距离，就用A lies to the east of B.口语中有时可将 to the 省去。e.g.Japan lies (to the) east of China.日本位于中国东方。France lies (to the) east of England.法国位于英国东方。（3）如果 A 在 B 的东边（侧） ，即：A 与 B 相邻接。就用A is on the east of B.e.g.Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。Shangdong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东在江苏北边。上述三种关系可用下图表示:（4）如果把方位词当作一个整体看，或是看成一点，就用A is at the east of B e.g.There was a big battle at the north of the LiaodongPeninsula.在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。（5）如果要表示“A 位于 B 东面 100 公里处”时我们既可以说 A lies l00km to the east of B，也可以说A lies 100km east of B. 后者在美国口语中更为常见。e.g.The plane crashed 30 miles south of the city.飞机在离城南 30 英里处坠毁。Suzhou lies 50 miles to the west of Shanghai.苏州位于上海西面 50 英里处。3汉语里“东南西北 ”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了 north，south，east，west；并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。东南方：southeast 西南方：southwest西北方：northwest 东北方：northeast如：十三陵位于北京西北 50 公里处。The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing.天津位于北京东南 120 公里处。 Tianjin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.4要表示方位的“ 偏向” 时通常用 by正东偏北： east by north正南偏西： south by west正北偏东： north by east 正南偏东： south by east如：We are sailing in the direction of east by north.我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。The island lies south by east from here.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。其它方位表达法： on the left/right在左边/右边in the east/south/west/north在东边/南边/西边/ 北边 in (the) front of 在前面 next to与紧挨着 opposite在的对面 on the corner of在拐角处betweenand在和之间