I船舶柴油机电控装置设计摘要随着世界能源危机和环境污染的加重，人们的环保意识开始不断加强，于是日益严格的国际和地区性的环保法规便相继产生和出台了，保护环境的呼声也随之高涨。这就要求柴油机技术的不断发展进步，以达到符合人类及自然的需求的目的。20世纪70年代以来，伴随着电子控制技术的不断发展，而电子控制技术具有控制精度高、控制功能多、适应性强且调试方便、可以大幅度地降低柴油机的排放污染，同时提高柴油机经济性和动力性等一系列优点，于是我们将电子控制技术应用到柴油机，产生发展了电控柴油机。高压共轨电控燃油喷射系统作为一种高度柔性控制的燃油喷射系统，以其显著的优越性，已成为船舶柴油机技术发展的趋势之一。本文应用电子控制技术，以高压共轨燃油喷射技术为基础，设计了一种电控装置,它自动检测排放物的成分及其含量，及时定量定时地控制喷射器喷射，以达到最佳燃油空气比和良好的雾化，实现船舶柴油机低燃油消耗，高动力性能及其废气的绿色无污染排放，达到国际环保法规要求。关键词：电控；柴油机；高压共轨；传感器IIAbstractAs the world energy crisis and environmental pollution increase, peoples environmental awareness began to strengthen, so increasingly stringent international and regional environmental regulations have been produced and issued, the protection of the environment are growing louder. This requires the continuous development and progress in diesel technology to meet the purpose that demand for human and natural.Since the 70s of the 20th century, along with the continuous development of electronic control technology, as electronic control technology has high control accuracy, more control features, more adaptable and convenient debugging, can greatly reduce diesel engine pollution emissions, While improving the economy and power of diesel engine and a series of advantages, so we applied electronic control technology to engine, resulting in the development of a diesel engine.High Pressure Common Rail fuel injection system as a highly flexible control of fuel injection system, with its significant advantages, has become one of the trends of marine diesel engine technology. In this paper, use electronic control technology, high-pressure common rail fuel injection technology as the foundation, designed an electronic control device, it automatically detects the emission of components and their contents, regular and timely quantitative control of jet injection, in order to achieve optimum fuel atomization air ratio and good atomization, achieve low fuel consumption of marine diesel engine, high dynamic performance and emissions of green non-polluting emissions to meet international environmental regulations.Keywords:Electronic Control; Diesel engine; High Pressure Common Rail; SensorsI目 录摘要 .IABSTRACT .II第 1 章 绪论 .11.1 课题背景及意义 .11.2 国内外柴油机电控装置的发展状况 .21.3 课题研究内容 .3第 2 章 船舶柴油机的有害排放及控制 .42.1 船舶柴油机的有害排放与危害 .42.2 控制船舶柴油机排放的有关法规 .52.3 柴油机有害排放的控制措施 .5第 3 章 船舶柴油机电控装置的整体设计 .83.1 电控系统的总体框架 .83.2 系统的主要功能 .10第 4 章 船舶柴油机电控装置的硬件设计 .124.1 主要传感器 .124.2 电控单元的设计 .144.2.1 电控单元硬件的选择 .144.2.2 电控单元的组成及结构 .144.3 主要的执行器 .17第 5 章 船舶柴油机排放控制的实现技术 .195.1 废气排放的检测 .195.2 高压共轨燃油喷射系统的优势及特点 .205.3 高压共轨燃油喷射系统的工作原理 .205.4 高压共轨燃油喷射系统的组成及结构 .21总结 .22致谢 .23参考文献 .