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小知识点 Jaylinn1bit、little 、 few 的区别little adj. 小的;很少的 adv. 完全不;不多;有点 n. 少许,不多 quant. 一点 pron. 少量,一点儿; few adj. 很少的;几乎没有的 pron. 很少 n. 很少数,几个bit adj. 很小的;微不足道的 adv. 有点儿;相当 quant. 一点 n. 小块,一个a little/little + 不可数名词 a few/few + 复数名词 a few /a little 表肯定, (一点/ 一些) few / little 表否定(几乎没有) a little + 不可数名词 = a bit of + 不可数名词 quite a few 很多only a little/a few 很少a bit/a little 修饰动词not a bitnot at all,意为 一点也不 ;not a littlevery much ,意为 十分、相当 、极其 。a bit 与 a littleI. 相同之处 1. a bit 与 a little 都可作程度副词,表示稍微、一点儿 的意思, 修饰动词、形容词、比较级等,二者可以互换。Will you please turn down the radio a bit/a little?(动词)请你把收音机声音关小一点好吗? Shes a bit/a little afraid of the teacher.(形容词)她有点怕老师。 Her mother feels a bit/a little better today.(比较级)她母亲今天感觉好一些。 The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚。 2. for a bit 和 for a little 意思相同,相当于 for a while 或 for a short time,可互换,表示“一会儿” Lets rest for a bit/a little.让我们休息一下。 II. 不同之处 1. a little 直接修饰不可数名词,而 a bit 修饰不可数名词时只能用 a bit ofTom has a little money./Tom has a bit of money. 汤姆有一点钱。 当 a little 修饰的名词前有 the, this, that, 所有格等限定词时,也要用 a little of 的结构I want to drink a little of that drink. 我想喝点那种饮料。 2. not a bitnot at all,意为 一点也不;not a littlevery much,意为 十分、相当 、极其 。He is not a bit tired. 他一点不累。 He is not a little tired. 他很累。3. a bit of 的另一种形式是 bits of,a little 则没有这种变体。Besides this, he used part of an old army wireless set, and some bits of wood.除此之外,他还利用了一部分旧的军用无线电发报机的一部分零件和一些木片。 4. a bit 通常修饰表示“令人不快”的形容词,例如 sad, silly, cold, hungry, angry, difficult, heavy, expensive 等; a little 则无论褒贬都可以修饰:The song is a bit sad. 这首歌有点伤感。Mary is a little older but a little more beautiful than Ann. 玛丽比安年纪更大但是更漂亮。Everyone seemed a little nervous. 每个人看起来都有点紧张。小知识点 Jaylinn2little, a little, few, a fewa little/little + 不可数名词: a little salt/little salt 一点盐没多少盐 a few/few + 复数名词: a few people/few people 有几个人没几个人a few / a little 表肯定, (一点/一些)few / little 表否定(几乎没有) 这四种形式可单独使用或与 of 连用: -Sugar?-要糖吗? -A little, please. -请给一点儿。 Only a few of these are any good. 这其中只有几个用得着。 any adv. 稍微,些许a little 指少量或者说话人认为少的量; a few 指小数目或者 说话人认为小的数目。 only 放在 a littlea few 之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。 Only a few of our customers have accounts. 我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的。 quite 放在 a few 之前增大了这个数量: I have quite a few books on art. 我有不少关于艺术的书。 (许多书) little 和 few 意为很少或没有,几乎具有否定意义: There was little time for consultation. 几乎没有时间商量。 Little is known about the side-effects of this drug. 这种药物有些什么副作用,现在还不大清楚。 Few towns have such splendid trees. 有这么好看的树木的城市不多。 little 和 few 的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中 little 和 few 容易被误认为是 a little/a few) 。在日常会话中 little 和 few 通常由 hardly any 替代,也可以由 动词否定式 + much/many 替代: We saw little. 我们没有看到什么。相当于: We saw hadly anything./We didnt see much. 我们几乎什么都没有看到。 Tourists come here but few stay overnight. 有游客到这里来,但很少有人过夜。相当于: Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight. 有游客到这里来,但几乎没有人在这里过夜。 但如果 little 和 few 由 so, very, too, extremely, comparatively, relatively 等词修饰,就可以较自由地使用。 fewer 也可以更自由地使用。 Im unwilling to try a drug I know so little about. 我不乐意服我知之甚少的药。 They have too many technicians,we have too few. 他们的技术员太多,而我们的又太少。 There are fewer butterflies every year. 蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少。 a littlelittle (作为副词) It rained a little during the night. 夜里下了一点儿雨。 They grumbled a little about having to wait. 他们为要等候抱怨了几句。 与具有“令人不快的”意义的形容词和副词连用: a little anxious 有点儿着急 a little annoyed 有点儿不耐烦 a little unwillingly 有点儿不情愿地 a little impatiently 有点儿不耐心地 与形容词和副词的比较级连用: The paper should be a little thicker. 这纸应该再厚一点儿。 Cant you walk a little faster? 你不能走得快一点儿吗? rather 也可以用于比较级之前,但 a little 更常用一些小知识点 Jaylinn3在英语口语中 a bit 可以在上述例子中用以替代 a little 在比较正式的文体中,little 主要同 better 或 more 连用: His second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first. 他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。 He was little( not much) more than a child when his father died. 他父亲去世时,他差不多还是个孩子。 在正式的英语中,little 可用在某些动词如 expect, know, think 等之前: He little expected to find himself in prison. 他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱。 He little thought that one day 他几乎从不曾想过有一天 注意!像 little-known 和 little-used 这样的形容词的用法: a little-known painter 一个藉藉无名画家 a little-used footpath 一条几乎没有人走的小道但是,(a) little 还可表示大小Please accept this little gift. 请接受这件小小的礼物。There are several little towns along the river. 沿河有几个小镇。The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. 这个小男孩很忙,他很少有时间玩。Its a little animal. It eats only a little food. 那是一个小动物,它只吃一点点食物。当 few 前不带 a,但带有 the, some these, those 等修饰语时,也表示肯定意义。如:Some few have already left. 有几个已经离开了。The last few winters have been very cold. 过去几个冬天都很冷。The first few chapters are about his early days. 前几章谈他的少年时期。注意两者比较级和最高级的用法及区别:little 的比较级和最高级分别为 less 和 least,few 的比较级和最高级分别为 fewer 和 fewest。Boys think less about dress than girls do. 男孩子不像女孩子那样爱打扮。He has the least money of all of us. 他是我们大家中钱最少的。Fewer radios were sold this year than last. 今年卖掉的收音机比去年少。He tried to finish the work with least money and fewest people. 他设法要用最少的钱和最少的人去完成这项工作。a little 和 little 修饰或代替不可数名词,与 much 相对,表示“少” ;a few 和 few 修饰或代替可数名词与 many 相对,表示“少” 。a l
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