深阅读【1】Solid opaque building 坚固不透明大厦Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas, and plasma). It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas does. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice (crystalline solids, which include metals and ordinary ice) or irregularly (an amorphous solid such as common window glass).The branch of physics that deals with solids is called solid-state physics, and is the main branch of condensed matter physics (which also includes liquids). Materials science is primarily concerned with the physical and chemical properties of solids. Solid-state chemistry is especially concerned with the synthesis of novel materials, as well as the science of identification and chemical composition.【2】Cold bridge 热桥These parts become more bridge heat transfer, thermal bridges, cold bridges. Bridge is often the result of heat transfer coefficient of the parts of the.Thomas,R,(ED)（1996 ） Environmental Design,E&FN SsponThomas, R. (Ed.) (1999) Environmental Design: An Introduction for Architecture and Engineers, E&FN Spon 3 creating the urban structure Barton,【3】Pittsburgh Corning(UK) Ltd 匹兹堡康宁公司（英国）As a world-class manufacturer of sustainable, high-performance glass insulating products for the building, energy, and industrial markets, Pittsburgh Corning has been on the forefront of designing products that stand the test of time. Pittsburgh Corning Corporation had a promising start in 1937, with one innovative product, architectural glass block, and the support of two renowned companies Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company and Corning Glass Works. When the company was founded, its sole purpose was to produce and sell glass block products to the building and construction market. Through 75 years, Pittsburgh Corning has evolved into a leading global manufacturer of innovative and technically advanced FOAMGLAS insulation and glass block products for the industrial, commercial and building markets. Its sustainable products conserve energy, protect the environment, and have improved the lives of millions of people in virtually every country in the world.【4】Embodied Energy 体现能源Embodied Energy is the sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services, considered as if that energy was incorporated or embodied in the product itself. The concept can be useful in determining the effectiveness of energy-producing or energy-saving devices, or the real replacement cost of a building, and, because energy-inputs usually entail greenhouse gas emissions, in deciding whether a product contributes to or mitigates global warming. One fundamental purpose for measuring this quantity is to compare the amount of energy produced or saved by the product in question to the amount of energy consumed in producing it.Embodied energy is an accounting method which aims to find the sum total of the energy necessary for an entire product life-cycle. Determining what constitutes this life-cycle includes assessing the relevance and extent of energy into raw material extraction, transport, manufacture, assembly, installation, disassembly, deconstruction and/or decomposition as well as human and secondary resources. Different methodologies produce different understandings of the scale and scope of application and the type of energy embodied.【5】Superinsulation 超绝热Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction, and retrofitting that dramatically reduces heat loss (and gain) by using much higher levels of insulation and airtightness than normal. Superinsulation is one of the ancestors of the passive house approach.【6】Low-energy housing 低能耗住宅What is low-energy housing? Combining 20 sustainable construction rules with innovative solutions produced by Lafarge research and partnerships, low-energy housing is explained in this flash animation.【7】Take the owners tour! From a sustainable construction perspective, there is no ideal building. The characteristics of an energy-efficient home vary according to the climate, the buildings size, its function or spatial organization for example.The flash animation below shows a cross-section of a typical apartment block (communal housing, located in a country with a temperate climate using traditional construction methods).To find out Lafarge solutions and sustainable constrution rules, navigate by category using the tabs at the top of the flash animation or directly by clicking on the buttons in the homes rooms.浅阅读【1 】 Thermal insulation, which provides a restriction to heat flow, is used to reduce the magnitude of heat flow in a resistive manner.* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。* provides 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。* to heat flow 为不定式，作状语。* used 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。* is 为助动词。相关语法知识:非限制性定语从