1、boundary baundri n.(不可数) 边界，界线inside the boundary .在这个范围之内of 表示两个部分的相交边界; inside 表示在某个边界线的范围内 边界，分界线(+between)the boundary between 两者之间的边界。The river is the boundary between the two countries.这条河是两国的边界. the boundaries of 的界线，所处范围(物质的 )The boundaries of knowledge 知识的范围，知识面2、pump pmp v. 用泵抽 n 泵 bump 敲击We have a pump for pumping water from the well.我们用一个水泵从井里抽水。We have to pump from the river for farm useAt the farm there was an old-fashioned pump for drawing water from a well.在农场，有一个老式的水泵将水从井里抽出。It is autumn and they are pumping water out of the swimming pool.入秋了，他们用泵将游泳池的水抽出。draw 画画往外抽取 /提取 draw some money 取钱3、overtake ,uvteik vt 突然降临(尤指坏的事，坏天气)1. vt. 突然降临 (坏的事，坏天气)Sickness overtook me an hour later 一个小时之后，我就感到恶心He was overtaken by misfortune 他突然遭遇不幸。Its dangerous to overtake at a corner.2. vt. 追上; 赶上;超过(catch up with)I had to walk very fast to overtake you .为了赶上你,我不得不走。超车很危险No one can overtake him没人能超过他Exports have already overtaken last years figure.出口量超过了去年A storm overtook the little boat.小船遭遇了暴风雨The film star was overtaken with another trouble.这个电影明星又遇到了其他的问题4、backwater bk,w:t n. 回水；河汊Sometimes we go to upstream to favorite backwater.I find this town too much of a backwater. 我觉得这个城镇太闭塞。5、predecessor pri:dises n. 前任; 原有事物; 前辈; 祖先The decision was made by my predecessor .那一决定是我前任作出的。As a scholar he is not in the same street with his predecessors.作为一个学者，他远远不如他的前辈。Will new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors?6、meadow medu n. 草地，草场(glassland ,especially used for growing hay.)a lawn ; a green ; grass 牧场The meadow is peopled with wild flowers.这个草场长满了野花7、crown kraun vt. 给戴花环n. 王冠；花冠 (桂冠：古时候用月桂树枝条编的花环)vt . 加冕;(rhetoric 修辞 )form or cover the top of sth.The hill is crowned with woods.山顶长满了树。Beautiful fair hair crowns her head .她长了一头浅色的秀发。I crown you 打击某人头部Hit sb on the head.打击(某人)头部At the coronation, the archbishop put a crown on the Queens head.加冕礼上，大主教给皇后待皇冠Crowns and thrones may perish.王权会消亡。He was crowned heavy weight boxing champion.8、holly hli n. 一种冬青植物9、wreath ri: n. 花环花圈, 花环, 花冠lay a wreath /wreaths 献花圈a laurel wreath 桂冠10、occurrence krns n. 偶发事件occurrence /incident /event/ 事件occurrence 为中性词，并不是特指某些类型的事；event (an event is often a happening of importance)；incident(两个极端 ) 一是鸡毛蒜皮的小事，二是暴力冲突；Their wedding will be a great event 他们的婚礼将是一件大事。Divorce has become an everyday occurrence/incident 离婚已经成为每天都有的事了。The occurrence of storms delayed our trip.暴风雨的突然来临延误我们的行程Newspapers record the chief occurrences of the day.保障报道了这天的偶发事件11、proportion prp()n n. 部分proportion 部分；比例( 面积，体积成分上的) part 物质上的一部分 section过去式：proportioned 过去分词：proportioned 现在分词：proportioning 复数：proportionsHis success bore no proportion to his abilities.12、site sait v.使位于site 原本是一个名词地点，场所 website 网站名词活用变为动词，成为：为选址，设置，相当于 place在中文同样还有：项王军壁垓下 The king of xiang site Gia xia壁：本意军营营垒，活用为动词驻扎The site for the new factory has not been decided yet.新工厂的地点还没有确定Protective helmets must be worn on site.The site of the battle of Waterloo is in Belgium.It is safe to site a company here.13、spell spel v 招致，带来 (常指不好的)have sth as a result ; mean 招致(某事物)；意味着The failure of their crop spelt disaster for the peasant armers.作物歉收农民要受灾Flooding can sometimes spell disasterspellbind v 迷人，迷住v.拼写, 拼成, 导致, 暂时代替n.咒语, 魔力 , 一段时间, 一阵发作, 轮班The pupils learn to spell in school.14、stall st:l n 牲口棚15、attic tik n 顶楼16、sweeping swi:pi adj.范围广大的(having an extremely wide effect ; far reaching)sweep v 打扫 sweeping 范围广大的, 横扫千军sweeping reforms 全面改革 sweeping revolution 全面革命revolution n.革命，旋转The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.His sweeping remarks offended many people.17、critical kritikl adj. 危急的be of vital importance 生死攸关adj.批评的, 挑剔的, 决定性的 , 危险的We are at a critical time in historWe must inherit in a critical way.我们要批判的继承18、juncture dkt n.时刻，关头at this juncture 在这个节骨眼上19、raft r:ft, rft n.木筏筏，橡皮船20、unduly ,ndju:li adv.过度地undue 不适当的due 适当，节制相当于 overmuch，overly，in excessWere not unduly worried.我们并没有过度的担忧21、foundations faundeinz n.地基foundation 基础22、stoutly stautli adv.牢固地 ，粗壮的23、submerge sbm:d v.浸没1. v.浸没The flood submerged the farmland 山洪淹没了农田2.v 湮没，埋没His talent was submered by his shyness 他的腼腆湮没了他的才能。submarine 潜水艇The submarine can submerge very quickly.The river overflowed and submerged the farmland.河水泛滥，浸没了农田 24、grapple rpl v.抓住做抓住 意思相当于 grasp还有意思：扭打格斗He grappled with the robber 他和抢劫犯扭打在一起n. 抓住, 掌握v. 抓住, 抓牢; 与.扭打, 与.格斗; 抓住; 努力解决; 扭打, 格斗She grappled with the bank robber, but was thrown to the ground.Ive spent all afternoon grappling with these accounts.I could not grasp her meaning我不能理解她的意思How does the idea of a holiday in Spain grab you?1、boundary baundri n.(不可数) 边界，界线inside the boundary .在这个范围之内of 表示两个部分的相交边界; inside 表示在某个边界线的范围内 边界，分界线(+between)the boundary between 两者之间的边界。The river is the boundary between the two countries.这条河