科技论文修辞注意1. 注意单复数：如 datum/data，vertex/vertices 等。还要注意一些特殊词：games ，以及proceedings，news ，airlines，headquarters 等。2. 不能过分夸张：避免 perfect, best, createfor the first time, lay a foundation for采用 would, shouldProvide a technological support forSupply a basis forConduct a basis forCarry out a preliminary exploration inMake a preparation work for3. 多使用同义词，避免重复：做，开展，进行，从事：do, make, carry out, perform, conduct(research, study, experiment, survey, investigation, exploration, cooperation)制造，制作：make, fabricate, build, manufacture, construct改变，改换，修改，重建，重组：convert, transform, change, modify, adapt, alter, reform, correct, reconstruct, rebuild, reconfigure, reorganize建议，提出：advise, recommend, suggest, propose, introduce, put forward, present, develop建立：establish, set up, form, construct, formulate, build给，提供：offer, give, provide, supply, furnish改善，改进：improve, enhance, raise, better开发，利用：develop, exploit, take advantage of, make use of, employ, tap, open up验证，说明：verify, prove, check, test, identify, justify, affirm, confirm由构成，组成：be composed of, consist of, comprise, be comprised of, constitute占有，构成（份额）：constitute, make up, account for, cover, hold, occupy4. 结构词：增加，继续，扩展：additionally, in addition, as well as, besides, furthermore, moreover, equally important, on the second thought, subsequently比较：after all, alternately, a similar analysis shows, however, in comparison with, in contrast, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, whereas, yet详述：as an example, for example, for instance, such as, in general, objectively speaking, concretely speaking, generally speaking, namely, that is to say概括：in essence, in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, let us review the steps in the preceding chapter(above-mentioned procedure), several remarks needs to be made at this point, as mentioned above, all in all目的：for this purpose, for this reason, in order to, with this goal结果：as a result, accordingly, consequently, hence, in view of these considerations, so far, the forgoing discussion illustrates, therefore赞同：certainly, obviously, fortunately, hopefully, in fact, of course, undeniably, without any question时间：a little later, as will be seen, at present, at this point, finally, immediately, meanwhile, at the same time, presently, recently, ultimately5. 摘要写作语言特点：a. 破题主动句，介绍作者或论文观点与内容。（1） The author/writer of this article/paper/dissertation/thesis reviews/discuss/tries to describe/explores/deals with/summarizes/give an account of/ something.（2） The aim (purpose, objective) of this article is to determine(explore, review) something.（3） The problem of is discussed(researched, investigated, analyzed, evaluated, assessed, reported) （4） The method(theoretical foundation, experimented scheme, modification to, algorithm) is discussed(suggested, proposed, presented, developed,).b. 结论(1) The author suggests(recommends, concludes) that(2) This article shows(suggests) that(3) The authors suggestion(conclusion) is that(4) The author finds(considers, seems) it necessary toE.g. The author proposes an approach to the creation of a synthetic(integrated, comprehensive) method of investigating and designing objects based on a local computer system.c. 与其他成果比较(1) These results are (quite) consistent with the original hypothesis that .(2) These results provide substantial evidence for (3) These experimental results support the original hypothesis that (4) Our research results are in substantial agreement with (5) The experimental and theoretical values agree quite well.(6) These experimental values (data) are higher/lower than those with traditional (common) methods.(7) The results observed in our study are better than those reported by Howell(1996).6. 典型句型：（1） The paper presents a XX-based algorithm to improve the convergence speed and calculation accuracy in （2） The paper developed a XX device which could greatly enhance the stability and anti-jamming(抗干扰 ) ability of YY system.（3） The paper invented a novel device, solved such problems as low accuracy, high cost and unstable product performance when using traditionally to machine parts.（4） It can be seen from the experimental results that when XX increases, YY will also increase and (however,) ZZ shows a decreasing tendency. As for the slight fluctuation（拨波动） of WW, the author thinks (according to authors opinion,) it may be caused by (result from). If the solution concentration(溶液浓度) or current density(电流密度) could be controlled stably, this phenomenon may acquire alleviation(缓和 ), even elimination. On this problem, XX et.al. have explained in a scientific report about（5） The relationships of XX with YY, ZZ and WW can be shown clearly from Fig.4.（6） It can be seen from the characteristic curve that temperature, pressure and the concentration(浓度) of have great effects(influence) on the measured results.（7） This is caused by the phase transformation in metal matrix, and the harder secondary precipitates in the process of h