星期 4 ThursdaySlow and steady wins the race. 锲而不舍事竟成。学习内容 题 材 词 数 建议时间 错误统计 做题备忘Text A 历史现象 399 5 分钟 /5Text B 日常生活 540 6.5 分钟 /5Text C 教育培养 550 7 分钟 /5Text D 科学技术 423 6.5 分钟 /5今日练习Text AHorse thieves, cattle rustlers, bank robbers, train and stagecoach robbers, highwaymen, murderers, these were but some of the criminals who infested(遍布于) the American frontier during the 19th century. In English legend Robin Hood can be considered a bandit, but the outlaws of the Old West were far more violent men and women without any scruples when it came to taking property or life.The careers of many outlaws have been glamorized through fictional accounts of their deeds and their exploits have been the basis for many movie scripts.The era of the American outlaw lasted about 100 years roughly from 1800 until 1900. There had been lawlessness during the colonial era. Frontiers have always attracted misfits, failures, and renegades(背教者) who hope to profit by being beyond the reach of government. In the years just before the Revolutionary War, gangs of horse thieves in the back country of South Carolina were broken up by organized bands of farmers called Regulators.As frontier settlement expanded rapidly after the Revolution, more opportunities for criminals opened. Two common types of bandits were highwaymen and river pirates. Highwaymen accosted(搭讪) people who traveled on foot or horseback, while river pirates preyed upon the boat traffic on the Ohio, Mississippi, and other rivers. Some bandits engaged in both.Criminality in the West gathered momentum(势头) with the gold rushes to California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and other states. Stagecoaches and trains carrying gold and money became prime targets for bands of outlaws. Bank robberies emerged after the California Gold Rush of 1849 and as prosperity found its way to frontier towns. The first stage robbery was recorded in 1851, and the first train robbery happened in 1866.After the Civil War there was the growth of the cattle kingdom in Texas and neighboring states. Cattle rustling and horse theft turned into significant operations. Range wars bred a great amount of violence. Cattlemen fought over land and water rights, and they fought with great bitterness against sheep farmers. In Texas, range wars were fought over the use of barbed wire to fence grazing land.By the end of the 19th century, the frontier era was past. Major crime shifted to the cities. Ethnic gangs had existed in the slums for decades, preying mostly on their fellow immigrants. With the arrival of Prohibition in the 1920s, an impetus(推动力)was given to the formation of organized crime as it exists today.1. At the beginning of the passage the author indicates thatA Robin Hood was as cruel as a bandit.B the story of Robin Hood has never been documented.C the criminals in Americas Old West were extremely cruel.D the Western countries used to be infested with bandits.2. We can infer from the passage that the careers of some outlawsA are materials of many fictions. B have been glorified in some movies. C are criticized by people in our time. D have been recorded.3. What happened immediately after the American Revolution?A The number of crimes was less than that after frontier settlement.B Major criminal behaviors took a new turn.C The number of criminals largely increased.D Crimes shifted from the land to the sea.4. According to paragraph 5 and 6, which of the following is INCORRECT?A The gold rushes brought about more opportunities for crimes. B Banks gained their prosperity in frontier towns after 1849.C After the Civil War, thieves turned to steal cattle and horses.D In Texas, cattlemen had to fight for the access to land and water. 5. Modern crime is characterized by A unlimited violence. B great diversity.C unimaginable cruelty. D careful planning.Text BOnce upon a time, in the “Dominion OF New Haven,” it was illegal to kiss your children on Sunday. Or make a bed or cut your hair or eat mince pies or cross a river unless you were a clergyman riding your circuit. If you lived in Connecticut in 1650, there was no mistaking Sunday for just another shopping day; regardless of whether youd go to hell for breaking the Sabbath(安息日), you could certainly go to jail. Centuries later, the sense that Sunday is special is still wired in us, a miniature sabbatical(休假 )during which to peel off the rest of the week and savor ritual, religious or otherwiseThe idea that rest is a right has deep roots in our history. Blue laws were a gift as much as a duty, a command to relax and reflect. America does not readily sit still, even for a day. The Civil War and a demand for news brought the Sunday paper into being; industrialization inspired progressives to argue that libraries and museums should open on Sundays so working people could elevate themselves. Major league baseball held its first Sunday game in 1892. Over time, Sunday has gone from a day we could do