Exercise TwoSection 1. Compound DictationThis is the VOA Special English Health Report.Malaria kills about one million people a year and (1) sickens another 250 million. Most of the deaths are in young children in Africa. Malaria causes 20 percent of childhood deaths in Africa.People become (2) infected when they are bitten by mosquitoes carrying the malaria parasite.A new study estimates the (3) possibility of ending malaria in countries that have the form of the disease. Researchers found that this could be possible in most parts of the world within ten to 15 years.What it would require, they say, is reducing the spread of malaria by 90 percent from 2007 rates.An international team created (4) mathematical models and maps of areas where the disease is gone or almost gone. Andrew Tatem, an assistant professor at the University of Florida, led the study. Professor Tatem says a number of things have helped countries successfully fight malaria.ANDREW TATEM: “ . such as relatively low levels of malaria risk to start with, political (5) stability, a good health system and low levels of population movement bringing in (6) infections from elsewhere.”The study says malaria could be eliminated if countries are serious about using proven control measures. These include (7) insecticides and bed nets.The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation partly (8) financed the research. The study appears in the Lancet medical journal in a series of reports on eliminating malaria.Other malaria experts writing in the Lancet expressed concern about giving too much attention to eliminating malaria. They say such a goal could take many years, if it is possible at all. The concern is that (9) resources for controlling malaria could be lost if the money is spent instead on trying to defeat it.(Please pause here for 40- 50)Years of efforts to eliminate another disease, polio（小儿麻痹症）, have largely succeeded. Now, the World Health Organization says (10) a new vaccine combination will help in the fight to end polio in countries where it is still found. (Please pause here for 40- 50)That report, based on a study from India, also appears in the Lancet.There are three kinds of polio virus. Vaccination campaigns normally use vaccines designed to protect against all three types.But cases of the type two virus have not been seen in years. (11) And the new study confirmed that the type two vaccine reduces the effectiveness of the other vaccines when given together. (Please pause here for 40- 50)To avoid that problem, the new combination contains vaccine only for the type one and type three polio viruses.And thats the VOA Special English Health Report. For more health news, go to voaspecialenglish.com. Im Steve Ember.Section 2. Note-takingFirst important quality: _motivation_Type a) _external_Type b) _integrative_Second important quality: _personality_Not necessarily extroverted but having confidence to make mistakes .Third important quality: learning skills Abilities include: a) _a good memory_b) _a good ear_c) efficient revisiond) suitable organization Fourth important quality: independence Being independent of the teacherAccepting responsibility for learningSection 3. Short Answering Questions.Colors and depressionSome colors that people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night.The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light. While a fourth was put in front of a red light.After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the more depressed animals drank the least amount of water.Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed.“What we saw is these animals didnt show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes and they did show depressive phenotypes whereas if they were in the dim red light, they did not.”Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina, have little to do with eyesight. He says these c