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1英语语法填空技巧与方法解题高招1. 通读全文,把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一步非常重要。2. 结合语境,试填空格。读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的结构和意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况:(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下 7 个技巧:技巧 1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如:例 1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. (2007 年茂名一模) 解析:and 连接前后两个句子,and 后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推知, “马上可到达那里”的是 the message,替代 the message 用代词 it。技巧 2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词。如:例 2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. (2008 年广东高考)解析:名词 rice crop 前还没有限定词,应当填限定词;根据句意,这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词 his。例 3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007 年广东高考)解析:因单数可数名词 town 前还没有限定词,应填限定语;根据句意,是指将车拉到离那里大约有 20 公里远的一个小镇上去修理,表示“一个” ,用不定冠词,故填 a。技巧 3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。例 4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. (2007 年广东高考)解析:因 a guest 在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面一定是填介词,使其成为该介词的宾语;又由句意可知,他们“把我当作客人”来接待,表示“当作” ,用介词 as。技巧 4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。例 5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析:因与 Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与 Candido Portinari (坎迪多波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,应填 and。2例 6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008 年深圳一模)解析:因 melted me 和 gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,故填 and。技巧 5:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例 7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008 年广州一模)解析:因 I wanted to是一个句子,I was to return也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前,故填 before。例 8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _37_he felt very happy (2008 年广东高考)解析:因 He was very tired是一个句子,he felt very happy也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系,故填 but。技巧 6:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等)。例 9What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. (2007 珠三角五校联考)解析:句中 What is acceptable in one country 是主语从句,空格后的 be considered 是谓语;因其中的 be 是原形,故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词 does(由语境可知是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数);由句意及作者的语气可知,需填表示“可能”的情态动词 may。例 10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.解析:这是一个由 but 连接的并列句,由前一分句的谓语动词 had 是一般过去时可知,后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时;可是,bring 却用的是原形,既与语境的时态不附,也与主语 he 不一致,该句不是倒装句,因此,此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did;由句意和作者的语气推测,应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词 did(的确) 技巧 7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由 it isthat强调结构形式,判断填 it 还是 that。如:例 11 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! (2007 年广州一模)解析:由句式结构可知,本句为强调句,应填 it。(2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等,还是填 do, does, did 等。如:3例 12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析:由 can you expect to可知,这是倒装句,根据构成倒装的条件可知,应填副词only,因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首,句子要用倒装。(3)由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填 it。如:例 13 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (2008 年佛山二模)解析:由句式结构可知,这是 it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型,本句的不定式 to steal paintings 是真正的主语,空格处填形式主语 it。例 14Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008 年惠州二模)解析:由句式结构可知,to avoid是真正的宾语,easy 是宾补,空格处应填作形式宾语的it。(4)so /suchthat句型。如:例 15 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007 年惠州二模)解析:由句式结构可知,这是 sothat句型,应填 that。(5)morethan (与其说不如说,比更)句型。如:例 16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. (2007 深圳宝安期末)解析:由句式结构可知,这是 morethan句型,故填 that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比,雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧 8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。例 17His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008 年深圳一模)解析:因主语 His fear of failure 后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词;因主语与 keep 是主动关系,应用主动语态;由从句谓语动词 played 可知,要用一般过去时,故填kept。例 18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. (2008 年广州一模)解析:虽然句中已有谓语动词 declined,但由 and walked 可知,所填词与 declined 和 walked是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式 closed。例 19 In Logan, three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007 梅州二模)解析:因主语 three people 与 take 是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由4were treated 可知,要用一般过去时,故填 were taken。技巧 9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing 形式、ed 形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主
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