题 目_ 0.18m CMOS WSN 节点 功率放大器设计 _ _信息科学与工程_院（系）_信息工程_专业学 号_ _ _学生姓名_ _ _指导教师_ _ _起讫日期_2012.02-2012.06_ 设计地点 东南大学射频与光电集成电路研究所 摘 要本文给出了一种适用于无线传感网络(WSN)的 D 类功率放大器设计方法。WSN 是一种利用空间上分布的传感器件自动检测诸如温度、声音、震动、气压、位移或者污染物等物理或环境变量的无线网络。它可以应用到环境和生态控制、医疗、家庭自动化、交通控制等民用场合，被认为是对 21 世纪产生巨大影响力的技术之一。论文首先对几种常规的功率放大器的设计方法进行了讨论，经过比较后，为了满足WSN 高效率的目的，本文给出了一种基于 TSMC 0.18m RF CMOS 工艺，应用于 WSN 的功率放大器的设计。该功率放大器工作频率范围为 2.4GHz2.4835GHz，采用全差分并且工作于开关状态的 D 类功率放大器电路结构，使用功率控制技术以节省功耗，当输入信号功率为-15dBm 时，输出功率在 4.3dBm 至 7.9dBm 范围内可调。在 Cadence 仿真环境下的前仿真结果表明，在 1.8V 电源电压下，最大输出功率为 7.9dBm，在最大输出功率时的功率附加效率为 28.4%。所设计的功率放大器电路在输出功率和功率调节范围上均满足WSN系统的要求，并且有着较高的效率，可以延长电池的工作时间，为WSN 传感器节点的实际应用打下了基础。而且，电路利用相对经济的CMOS工艺制造，一方面极大降低了芯片成本，此外该电路还可以和收发机的其它电路模块集成在同一块芯片上，提供了进一步减小芯片成本和面积的可能。关键词: CMOS，D 类功率放大器，无线传感网络AbstractIIAbstractIn this paper, a power amplifier (PA) for wireless sensor network (WSN) application is introduced. WSN is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. It serves as a bridge between the physical world and the digital world and promise to change our live. It could be expected that WSN will be deployed anywhere in the near further, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control. Before designing this PA, several traditional methods of PA implementation were investigated. After a comparison, a class D architecture was chosen for its high efficiency. The circuit was implemented in TSMC 0.18m RF CMOS process. The structure of fully differential Class D PA was used in this circuit, and in order to save power dissipation, the power control technique was adopted. The simulation result indicates that under 1.8 V power supply, the output power is in the range of 4.3 dBm to 7.9 dBm when the input power is -15dBm. The power added efficiency at the maximum output power is 28.4%.The test result of the output power and power range could satisfy the requirement of WSN, and the proposed PA has a high efficiency, so it will prolong the standby time of the battery, which makes the application of wide range WSN possible. Whats more, the relatively cheap CMOS technology is used in this design. It will reduce the cost of the circuit and make the fully-integrated transmitter chip possible. Key words: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), Power Amplifier (PA), Class D, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)AbstractIV目录目录摘 要 .IAbstract.III第 1 章 绪论 .11.1 研究背景 .11.2 研究内容及设计指标 .31.2.1 研究内容 .31.2.2 设计指标 .41.3 论文组织 .4第 2 章 功率放大器设计基础 .52.1 功率放大器的分类 .52.1.1 A 类功率放大器 .62.1.2 B 类功率放大器 .72.1.3 AB 类功率放大器 .82.1.4 C 类功率放大器 .82.1.5 D 类功率放大器 .92.1.6 E 类功率放大器 .102.1.7 F 类功率放大器 .122.2 共轭匹配和负载线匹配 .142.3 D 类放大器原理分析 .142.4 D 类功率放大器功率损耗分析 .