I摘要轻苯作为中间体产品，本身用途极为有限，仅作为溶剂使用，但是精制后的焦化苯、焦化甲苯、焦化二甲苯等产品，是有机化工、医药和农药等的重要原料，在国内、国际上都有很好的市场。本设计总结了国内外的苯精制工艺，列出了各工艺的优缺点，选择的溶剂萃取低温加氢工艺的加氢温度、压力较低，产品质量好，已被广泛用于石油重整油、高温裂解汽油、焦化粗苯为原料的加氢生产中。设计中对主要设备纯苯塔做了详细计算，对其他以及辅助设备进行了选型，同时绘制了平立面布置图、纯苯塔设备图、工艺流程图等附图，最后进行了简略的经济计算。本设计的产品有纯苯、甲苯、二甲苯、非芳烃，其中最主要的产品是纯苯、甲苯和二甲苯。关键词 轻苯 加氢 精馏 苯IIAbstractLight benzene as the intermediate products, their use is extremely limited, only used as the solvent, but the product after refining coking benzene, coking benzene, coking xylene, is an important raw material in organic chemical industry, medicine and pesticide, in the domestic, international have a very good market. The design summary of benzene refining process at home and abroad, lists the advantages and disadvantages of each process, hydrogenation temperature, pressure of solvent extraction of low-temperature hydrogenation process selection is low, good product quality, has been widely used for the hydrogenation of reformate oil production, pyrolysis gasoline, coking benzene as raw materials in. The design of the main equipment of pure benzene tower is calculated in detail. On the other, and the auxiliary equipment selection, and draw the layout and facade, pure benzene tower equipment, process flow diagram, figure, finally calculated simple economy.The design of the products are benzene, toluene, xylene, non aromatic hydrocarbons, the main products are benzene, toluene and xylene.Key words benzene hydrogenation distillationIII目 录摘要 .IAbstract .II第 1 章 绪论 .11.1 设计的目的和意义 .11.1.1 毕业设计的目的和意义 .11.1.2 本设计的目的和意义 .11.2 产品的组成和成分及物性参数 .11.3 产品的质量指标 价格 供需关系 .31.4 设计地点，气候参数 .5第 2 章 工艺论证 .62.1 国内外工艺流线论证 .62.1.1 粗苯加氢精制原理 .62.1.2 粗苯加氢精制工艺 .62.1.3 粗苯加氢精制工艺特点 .102.2 主要设备论证 类型的确定 .122.2.1 填料萃取塔 .122.2.2 筛板萃取塔 .122.2.3 脉冲筛板萃取塔 .132.2.4 往复筛板萃取塔 .132.2.5 转盘萃取塔及偏心转盘萃取塔 .142.3 萃取剂选择的依据 .142.4 结论 .15第 3 章 工艺详述 .163.1 本设计选择的工艺 .163.1.1 工艺原理 .163.1.2 工艺流程 .163.2 工艺参数列表 .17第 4 章 工艺计算 .19IV4.1 总物料衡算 .194.2 纯苯塔的设计计算 .204.2.1 计算数据 .204.2.2 塔的物料衡算 .234.2.3 气液负荷计算 .284.2.4 精馏塔塔体尺寸计算 .334.2.5 塔的工艺结构尺寸的设计与计算 .344.2.6 塔板布置及浮阀数目与排列 .3