解读花生各生长期的所需的基本气象条件Basic meteorological conditions required for the growth of peanut花生是我国首要的油料经济作物之一，山东省是花生出产大省，年总产 300 万 t，占全国的 1/4；667 m2 均产值 250 kg，比全国高近 50 kg；出口量占全国的 70以上。全省终年栽培面积 86.67 万hm2，仅次于河南省。山东省新泰市是我省花生要点出产区域,又是当地重要的农业经济作物,本文在田间农业气候实验研讨的根底之上,对影响花生生育期的气候因子进行了剖析,论述了气候花生间的联系,并对进步花出产值,非常好地展开农业气候效劳,防灾减灾,推进农业高质高产提出相应气候效劳对策。Peanut is one of the important oil crops in China, Shandong province is a big province of peanut production, annual production of 3000000 T, accounting for 1/4 of the country; 667 M2 value of 250 kg, higher than the national average of nearly 50 kg; exports account for more than 70% of the country. The perennial cultivation area of 866700 Hm2, second only to Henan province. Shandong province Xintai city is the province of peanut production regions of, is also an important agricultural crops of local, on the basis of Agricultural Climate Experiment Researchs foundation, has carried on the analysis to the influence of http:/www.taishanguotai.cn/ http:/www.taswygl.com/ http:/www.lwjdyl.com/ http:/www.jlmmmjd.com/climate factor growth stage of peanut, discusses the relation between climate and peanut, and the progress of flower production value, very well agricultural climate services, disaster prevention and mitigation, promoting agriculture and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures of climate.花生各成长时刻的所需的根本气候条件，花生原产于热带丘陵山区的河谷地带，是一种喜温、较耐旱、怕涝的一年生豆科作物。成长时节需求均匀气温 20.0以上，但因种类不一样对热量条件的需求也不完全共同1。通常晚熟花生需求温度较高，全生育期需积温3 300.03 600.0，生育期 150180 d；中熟种需积温 2 850.03 100.0，生育期 130160 d；早熟种需积温 2 700.03 000.0，生育期 130 d 以下。 The basic conditions of the growth time of peanut, peanut native to tropical hills mountain valley, is a warm, more drought, be afraid of waterlogged annual leguminous crops. Grow season needs uniform temperature 20 above, but because of kinds of different heat conditions demand is not completely common 1. Usually late maturing peanut needs higher temperature, temperature 3300 3600 for the whole growth period, growth period of 150 180 d; medium for temperature 2850 3100 , growth period of 130 160 D; http:/www.taishanguotai.cn/ http:/www.taswygl.com/ http:/www.lwjdyl.com/ http:/www.jlmmmjd.com/early accumulated temperature 2700 3000 , growth period of 130 D.花生的成长发育对水分的需求量较大，通常每出产 1 kg 干物质需耗水 450 kg 以上，667 m2 产 250 kg 花生，全生育期耗水量约为300 m3。花生在整个生育过程中，随气温的升高水量逐步增多，到花期达最大值，今后逐步削减。总的趋势是两端少，中心多。可是因为年际间的改变和花生生育时刻降水散布的不均衡，花生的需水关键期水分还未悉数满意。Peanut growing water demand is bigger, usually each produce 1 kg dry matter above water consumption of 450 kg, 667 m2 and 250 kg of peanut production, total consumption growth period is about 300 m3. Peanut in the whole growth process, with the increase of water temperature gradually increased, and reached the maximum value in the future to flowering stage, gradually reduce the. The general trend is both less, center. But because the interannual change and peanut growth time precipitation distribution is not balanced, peanut the critical period of water requirement was not fully satisfied with water.光照是花生成长发育的动力，是花生生育期的首要气候要素之一。花生在苗期对光照反响虽很灵敏，但因为此期植株个别较小，通常年份，雨量稀疏，所以光照能满意需要。在结荚饱果期，叶片逐步http:/www.taishanguotai.cn/ http:/www.taswygl.com/ http:/www.lwjdyl.com/ http:/www.jlmmmjd.com/阑珊，光照足够，开花多而会集；光照缺乏开花量明显削减。通常此时间每天需求有 8.010.0 h 的光照。产值与光照的联系是正相关联系。但因为气候改变的缘由,形成花出产值忽高忽低,花生的质量也遭到不一样程度的影响。有关气候条件改变或气候异常对花生成长发育及产值的影响联系杂乱。据新泰市 30 年气候前史材料计算：20.0的年均匀积温 3 028.8，年均匀积温时刻为 125 d （5月 18/日-9 月 19 日） ，满意早、中、晚熟各种类对热量的需求。均匀日照时刻 新泰区域此时刻均匀日照时刻为 6.7 h，大都年份不能满意需求，因而，此时刻光照缺乏，是影响花出产值的重要要素之一。 Light is the power of peanut growth and development, is one of the main climate factors in growth stage of peanut. Peanut in seedling stage on light response is very sensitive, but because the individual small plants, usually the year, rainfall is sparse, so the light can meet the needs of. In the pod full fruit period, leaf gradually wanes, light enough, blossom and gather; light lack of blossom was cut. Usually this time every day needs 8 10 h light. Output and light contact is positive correlation. But because the causes of climate change, the formation of flower production value fluctuated, peanut quality was also influenced by different degree. Effects of climate change or climate abnormal growth and output of peanut with messy. http:/www.taishanguotai.cn/ http:/www.taswygl.com/ http:/www.lwjdyl.com/ http:/www.jlmmmjd.com/According to the climate in Xintai city 30 years ago history materials calculation: the average annual temperature of 20 of 3028.8 , annual average temperature time was 125 D ( 18/ May -9 on day 19 ), early, late, satisfaction of various demands of the heat. Even sunshine time Xintai region of this moment even sunshine time is 6.7 h, mostly year can not be satisfied the demand, thus, at this moment the light deficiency is one of the important factors, flower production value.