武汉纺织大学继续教育学院2011 年-2012 年第一学期期末考试试卷大学英语一试卷(A)专业: 专科所有专业 姓名: 学号:题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 总分 阅卷教师题分一、Part Reading Comprehension (45%)Directions: There are several passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:If an animal is moved from its home in the tropics to cold climate, it will die if it is not kept warm. And animals accustomed to cold climates will die if they are moved to the tropics. Many plants, too, will die if they are removed from the place where they normally grow and are transplanted into an unfamiliar soil. Almost every species is adapted to life in a particular place by its organs and their functions and by its permanent habits. The specialized adaptation has great advantages. For it enables many organisms to survive under different conditions. It also has disadvantages, for it means that the life of most species is controlled by local conditions.Living things are not scattered over the earth at random; most species have definite habits for living places. Ecology is the study of how organisms live in their environment. This means finding out how an organism survives and reproduces in certain surroundings. By environment we mean not only the soil and the climate but also the living things of the same species and other species, plant or animal. Most living things are slaves to their environment. Some can alter certain features of their environment to suit themselves; a beaver (海狸), for example, can make ponds by building dams; many birds and insects can build elaborate nests to provide shelter for their young. But these skills are restricted and highly specialized. Most organisms must adapt their bodies to fit in with their surroundings, and since they can adapt only for particular surroundings, they are found only in places where they can live successfully with the least effort. Plants find these favorable places by trial and errors. The wind carries their seeds and spores (芽孢) great distances. If the seeds land in a favorable environment they grow and reproduce. If they are deposited in an unfavorable environment they die. Animals, on the other hand, search until they find a favorable environment.1.The main idea of this passage can be summarized as: _.A) Different habits of animals and plants B) Living things and their surroundingsC) Plants and animals: slaves of their surroundingsD) Animals ability to adapt themselves to their surroundings2.What is meant by adaptation?A) The ability of living things to survive in a particular place under difficult conditions.B) The control of most species of living things by local conditions.C) The ability of living things to get familiar with their surroundings.D) The permanent habits of most living things.3.Living things can adapt themselves to their surroundings mainly through _.A) their organs and the organs specific functions D) Both A and BB) their specialized permanent habits C) their least effort in living conditions .4.Animals are different from plants mainly in that _.A) they can more or less alter their surroundingsB) their organs are highly specialized to their surroundingsC) they are looking for a favorable environment for their survivalD) they usually have their own local living conditions5.Implied but not stated: _.A) Animals are not completely restricted or confined to their surroundingsB) Plants are completely confined to their surroundingsC) Surroundings sometimes can easily be altered by animalsD) The specialized adaptation is very important for animals, plants as well as human beings Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:One thing the tour books dont tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about two centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home.The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing, says Gomer Jones. A survey of the wildlife in New Yorks Central Park last year counted 14 species of mammals (哺乳动物). A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species.Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (庇护所) have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent $750,000 to buy land to build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. As a result, many birds are now living in the city. For peregrine falcons (游隼) cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwell