自动化专业英语期中作业翻译内容： 教材 Unit 2 题 目：Why Learn Scientific English 学 院： 电气工程学院 专业班级： 2013 级自动化三班 学 号： P131814125 姓 名： 李宏旭 信（50） 顺（20） 雅（5） 排版（25） 总分（100） 评阅教师Unit 2 Why Learn Scientific English第二单元 为什么学习科学英语Text A Major Scientific Discoveries and InventionsA 重大科学发现和发明Since the industrial revolution in the 18th century,science has progressively developed importang influences on the life of people throughout the world. Technological achievements such as the motorvehicle,refrigerator,television and computer are just some example of use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes which we have now taken for granted. The refrigerator,for example,was based on the scientific concept of evaporative cooling,in which latent heat is released during evaporation as the air carries off water vapor.Instead of water,the refrigerator performs cooling using chemicals.自从 18 世纪工业革命以后，科学发展的重要性已经逐步地影响生活在世界上的人们。技术成果如汽车，冰箱，电视机的电脑，这些都是将科学知识运用到实际生活中的例子我们现在都习以为常了，举例来说吧，冰箱是基于蒸发冷却的科学概念，在蒸发过程中，空气带走水蒸气的同时，也把潜热释放出来，冰箱是用化学物质进行冷却，而不是用水。Perhaps the more well-known breakthroughs of scientific research are those that led to medical advancement which saves lives, such as the discovery of penicillin, open-heart surgery, radiotherapy and eradication of the disease smallpox There occurs other scientific research which has shaped our modern society ( Table l-l). like those that led to the synthetic materials such as plastics which many of us encounter daily, the various forms of agricultural practices which maximize crop yield, the treatment of wirer fit for human consumption, and the list goes on.也许在科学研究领域内，更为著名的突破是带来医疗的进步，从而拯救了无数的生命，比如青霉素的发现，心脏移植手术，放射性治疗和癌症的根除，预防天花的再现，这些塑造了我们的现代社会的科学研究（表 1-1）像那些导致的合成材料如我们日常生活的塑料，使农作物产量最大化提高了各种形式的农业实践，这种处理适合人们的消费，这样的例子不胜枚举。Table 2-1 Major Scientific Discoveries in the 20th Century and Up to presentYears Major scientific discoveries Major inventions1900s function of white blood cells, buffer solutions, mammalian sexchromosomes XX and YY,Avogadros numbervacuum cleaner, air conditioning, electrocardiogram first powered flight, plastic, radio broadcasting, color photography, electric washing machine 1910s diffraction of roentgen rays, role of chromosomes, first vitamins,continental drift theory, isotopes,theory of relativity structure of the atom, mass spectroscope neon light, stainless steel,detergent, frozen food, refrigerator, sonar, talking motion pictures demonstrated1920s insulin carcinogenic effect of UV radiation, penicillin, Big Bang ,oestrogen.Broadcasting, television, Liquid-fuelled rocket, aerosol sprays, Geiger tube,Synthetic rubber1930s Electrophoresis, radio astronomy, Molecular orbital theory, cortisone Imprinting in young animals, nuclear fissionJet engine, color film andMovies electron microscope, FM radio, radar, photocopying, nylon,Automatic transmission for cars1940s Krebs cycle, function of DNA,Carbon dating, role of genes in Controlling chemical reactions, Ultrasound to scan foetusHelicopters, silicon solar cell,Nuclear reactor, microwave,Ovens, transistors, general purpose computers1950sDifferent RNAs in organisms, double-helical model of DNA, structurally modified antibiotics, sodium pump pump in nerve transmission, polio vaccine, cause of Downs syndromeColor television, hovercraft, solar-powered battery, video tape recorder, satellite, modems, microchip, laser, contraceptive pill, heart pacemaker1960s Quasars and pulsars, genetic code, human growth hormone, live-virus vaccine against German measles successful heart transplantAudio cassette tapes, electronic calculator, space flight, diesel-engine passenger car, word processor, optical disc, fiber optics, domestic microwave oven1970s Restriction enzymes, genetic engineering, in vitro fertilization, smallpox eradicated, monoclonal antibiotics, test-tube babyFloppy and compact disc, personal computer and supercomputer, printers, microprocessor, space station, CAT scanner, mobile phones1980s HIV responsible for AIDS, hepatitis B vaccine, polymerase chain reaction, DNA fingerprinting, black holes confirmedSpace shuttle, internet, high temperature superconductor,CD-ROM, X-ray laser, coaxial cable, artificial satellite1990s Genetically modified food, cloning from adult cells, antimatter provenWord Wide Web, DVD, Hubble space telescope, nanotechnology2000s Gene control by RNA, nanocircuits, synthetic virus, human genome project completed, cloning of human embryoipod, artificial heart and liver,hybrid petrol-electric passenger car, toy robot表 2-1 20 世纪到现在的主要科学发现The importance of science to modern societies cannot be underestimated. Scientists are forever seeking and discovering answers to questions that concern people, their environment, and even the universe. Are vaccines available to prevent a disease? Is there a method chat can maximize crop yields? How do we rid of pollutants in our drinking water? What can we do about global c