1专题五七选五(一)(2015东北三省四市二模) You often find somebody who works around you complaining(抱怨) all the time, dont you? _1_ About 70% of Americans say being around nonstop complainers sometimes has a bad influence on them. Luckily, here are 4 tips to help form positive patterns.1SelfawarenessWhen a negative(消极的) thought pops into your mind, immediately correct it. Instead of telling yourself “Thats a nice shirt, but I cant afford it， ” change the message to “That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it.” _2_Of course everyone complains sometimes. But the less frequently you complain, the better you will feel.2Distance yourself_3_ Excuse yourself and go somewhere quiet, somewhere outdoors in the fresh air. Think of something pleasant before returning. You have to take this seriously because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand.3Dont try to change complainersIf you find yourself trapped in a group of complainers in a meeting or at a social event, simply choose silence. Let their words bounce off you while you think of something else. Attempting to stop the complaining can make you a target. _4_ If someone says, “I hate Mondays; weekends are too short， ” try to think, “Im glad I rested up over the weekend, so Im ready to make some improvement on that big project.”4._5_When someone is shouting at you angrily, throw the responsibility back at them by asking, “So what do you intend to do about it？” In most cases, complainers dont really want a solution(解决方法). They just want to speak them out. If you make them aware that they themselves have to find the solutions, they will leave you alone and find someone else to complain to. If so, you will be happy.AFind solutionsBChange responsibility2CYou have got a lot of company.DBy doing this, it will lead to positive behaviors.EBut you can redirect the discussion in your own mind.FWhenever possible, escape from negative conversations.GYou will never know what they are going to talk about.文章大意：本文为说明文。主要介绍了如何应对爱抱怨的人。1C由前一句“You often find somebody who works around you complaining all the time”和后一句“About 70% of Americans say.”可知答案选 C。2D根据上文 change the message to “That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it”可知，这种想法会帮助我们建立积极的态度。故答案选D。3F从标题句 Distance yourself和本段最后“because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand”，可知要远离消极的人，故选 F。4E根据本段最后一句的举例“ Im glad I rested up over the weekend, so Im ready to.”可知要从不同的角度思考。故答案选 E。5B根据段落内容和关键句“throw the responsibility back at them by”可知答案选 B。(二)(2015北京市朝阳区第一次综合练习)Virtual (虚拟)TeamsVirtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time._1_ This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams. _2_ It is the way the team members communicate. They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies, such as emails, faxes, and teleconferences, and alike. Due to more limited communication channels, the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on, what people are selected, and how the team is managed._3_One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work. That is to say, when each persons work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment, like in a sports team, there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time, and the tasks have to go 3through a strict order within a short time.Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment. _4_Another important quality is communication skills. The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals，performance standards, and communication rules. People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other._5_ One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members. Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team. The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.AYet, there is one significant difference.BNot every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.CA virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.DThe members must be selfmotivated and able to work independently.ESuch teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.FMembers of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face to face.GTo avoid misunderstanding, clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.文章大意：本文为说明文，主要介绍了虚拟团队的含义、规则和作用。1E“这样的团队现在被企业和组织广泛采用以节约成本” 。本空出现在第一段，因此很可能是对前面提出的“virtual team”这样的概念进行的进一步的解释说明。而