Unit 11 Electronic Systems,30 Personal Computer电子技术专业英语教程冯新宇 主编电子工业出版社 www.phei.com.cn,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,2,30 Personal Computer,BackgroundsText tour Language in useVocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,3,Terminology databasen.数据库，基本数据paneln.【电】配电盘，仪表盘indicator 【电】目视仪peripheraln.(电脑的)外围设备，周边设备mainframen.【计】主机，大型机motherboardn.底板，母板；【计】母板，主板desktop computer 台式计算机，台式电脑laptop computer 便携式计算机，膝上电脑tablet computer平板计算机software application应用软件,Backgrounds,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,4,Terminology word process文字处理spreadsheet电子表格Web browser网络浏览器E-mail client电子邮件客户端dial-up拨号World Wide Web全球信息网，万维网local area network局域网batch process批处理time-share【计】分时，时间共享；【电】分时pre-assemble预组装，预先安装,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,5,Terminologycomputer-aided design电脑辅助设计optical disc drive光盘驱动器USB通用串行总线expansion slot扩展槽testware测试工具，测试件PCI Pedpherd Component Interconnect 周边元件扩展接口AGPAccelerated Graphics Port 加速图像处理端口ISTQBInternational Software Testing Qualification Board 国际软件测试工程师认证,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,6,Text tour,Outline - Introduction the History of computer development Computer Architecture Sofeware Concepts,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,7,Introduction,A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator.As of 2009, a PC may be a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a tablet computer. The most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS and Linux, while the most common microprocessors are x86-compatible CPUs, ARM architecture CPUs and PowerPC CPUs. Software applications for personal computers include word processing, spreadsheets, databases, Web browsers and E-mail clients, games, and myriad personal productivity and special-purpose software. Modern personal computers often have high-speed or dial-up connections to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web and a wide range of other resources.,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,8,A PC may be a home computer, or may be found in an office, often connected to a local area network (LAN). This is in contrast to the batch processing or time-sharing models which allowed large expensive systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time, or large data processing systems which required a full-time staff to operate efficiently.While early PC owners usually had to write their own programs to do anything useful with the machines, todays users have access to a wide range of commercial and non-commercial software which is provided in ready-to-run form.,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,9,The capabilities of the PC have changed greatly since the introduction of electronic computers. By the early 1970s, people in academic or research institutions had the opportunity for single-person use of a computer system in interactive mode for extended durations, although these systems would still have been too expensive to be owned by a single person. The introduction of the microprocessor, a single chip with all the circuitry that formerly occupied large cabinets, led to the proliferation of personal computers after about 1975. Early personal computers - generally called microcomputers - were sold often in Electronic kit form and in limited volumes, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians. Minimal programming was done by toggle switches, and output was provided by front panel indicators. Practical use required peripherals such as keyboards, computer terminals, disk drives, and printers. Unlike other hobbyist computers of its day, which were sold as kits; in 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak sold the Apple I was a fully assembled circuit board containing about 30 chips. Such that by 1977 Apple Computers introduced the Apple II, as the worlds first personal computer. By 1977, mass-market pre-assembled computers allowed a wider range of people to use computers, focusing more on software applications and less on development of the processor hardware.,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,10,Throughout the late 1970s and into the 1980s, computers were developed for household use, offering personal productivity, programming and games. Somewhat larger and more expensive systems (although still low-cost compared with minicomputers and mainframes) were aimed for office and small business use. Workstations are characterized by high-performance processors and graphics displays, with large local disk storage, networking capability, and running under a multitasking operating system. Workstations are still used for tasks such as computer-aided design, drafting and modelling, computation-intensive scientific and engineering calculations, image processing, architectural modelling, and computer graphics for animation and motion picture visual effects.,2018/2/28,电子技术专业英语教程,11,Computer Architecture,