- 1 - 专题01 Friendship 第一节 阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(18601935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (19071964) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor (1930present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981, the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (19132005) On December 1，1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and - 2 - kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in， ” said Parks. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同领域的四位女性先驱。 1What is Jane Addams noted for in history? AHer social work. BHer teaching skills. CHer efforts to win a prize. DHer community background. 答案：A 2What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? AHer lack of proper training in law. BHer little work experience in court. CThe discrimination against women. DThe poor financial conditions. 解析：细节理解题。根据Sandra Day OConnor下的第一句When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School.可知，她在斯坦福大学法学院 受过教育，并非缺少正规的法律培训，故A项错误；文中未提及她在法庭上的工作经验少， 故B项错误；根据.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的 歧视”相符，故选C项；文中未提及她的经济状况，故D项错误。 答案：C 3Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.? AJane Addams. BRachel Carson. CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks.- 3 - 解析：细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks下的.it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运 动，故选D项，是Rosa Parks对美国的民权运动做出了很大贡献。 答案：D 4What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? AThey are highly educated. BThey are truly creative. CThey are pioneers. DThey are peacelovers. 答案：C 第二节 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years._1_ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” _3_ You might represent each letter with a number, for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”- 4 - A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book._4_ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”_5_ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently. AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language，some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 答案：15 DEGFA 第三节 完形填空 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从120题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选 项。 A Heroic Driver (2016全国卷)Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc.One morning in 2009, Larry was _1_ along 165 north after delivering to one of his _2_Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on._3_ he got closer，he found _4_ vehicle upside down on the road.One more look and he noticed _5_ shooting out from under the _6_ vehicle.Larry pulled over, set the brake and _7_ the