哈尔滨理工大学 毕 业 设 计 题 目： 智能公交报站器设计 院、 系： 自动化学院自动化系 姓 名： 刘盛浩 指导教师： 宋清昆 系主任： 吕 宁2017年 06月 23日哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 - I - 智能公交报站器设计 摘 要 随着近几年中国经济的飞速发展，人民的生活水平也得到了显著的提 高，越来越多的中高等收入家庭购入了轿车作为代步工具，人们的出行条 件也得到了巨大的改善。但在当前社会，人们的出行方式仍然以公共交通 工具为主。随着近年来各地政府大力发展城市的公共交通事业，例如修建 地铁和新能源公交车的使用。以公交车为例，前几年售票方式已从有人售 票改变成无人售票，近几年，公交车加入了语音报站系统。该系统通过司 机控制，每到一站，司机手动播放站点信息，目前使用较为广泛，但这种 方法不具备自动性。当前新型号公交车具有自动报站功能，但新型号公交 车短期内不能大量替代传统公交车，因此，研制出一款具备自动报站功能 且方便安装在传统公交上的自动报站系统十分重要。 本公交车报站系统采用语音报站方式进行报站，通过 STC89C52 单片 机控制语音芯片进行报站操作，报站过程不需要人工干预。该系统通过 GPS 定位系统实时获取公交车位置，并根据当前公交车是否抵达站台区域 来判断是否报站。 关键词 GPS；STC89C52；公交报站；语音芯片哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 - II - Intelligent bus stop reporting system Abstract With the rapid development of Chinese economy in recent years, peoples living standard has also been significantly improved, more and more in the higher income families purchase the car as a means of transport, people travel conditions have been greatly improved. But in the current society, peoples travel mode is still dominated by public transport. In recent years, local governments have been making great efforts to develop urban public transport, such as the use of subways and new energy buses. To bus, for example, a few years ago, ticketing has been changed from someone ticket to unmanned ticketing, in recent years, the bus joined the voice reporting system. The system is controlled by the driver. At each station, the driver manually broadcasts the information of the station. It is widely used at present, but this method does not have automation. The new type of bus with automatic stop function, but the new type of bus in the short term is not a lot to replace the traditional bus, therefore, developed a automatic stop function and convenient installation in the traditional bus automatic station report system is very important. The bus stop reporting system uses the voice reporting station for reporting stations, and the voice chip is controlled by the STC89C52 microcontroller for reporting station operation. The station reporting process does not require manual intervention. The system uses the GPS positioning system to obtain bus location in real time and determines whether to report station according to whether the bus arrives at the platform or not. Keywords GPS, STC89C52, Bus station, Voice chip哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 - III - 目 录 摘要.I Abstract.II 第 1章 绪论 .1 1.1 研究目的及意义 .1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .2 1.3 本文主要研究内容 .6 第 2章 报站系统总体设计 .7 2.1 报站系统总体架构 .7 2.2 系统主要功能 .8 2.3 GPS 解析.8 2.3.1 GPS 数据格式.9 2.3.2 GPS 应用.9 2.4 本章小结 .10 第 3章 报站系统硬件设计 .11 3.1 硬件设计总体方案 .11 3.2 主控制器设计 .11 3.2.1 单片机最小系统 .11 3.2.2 电源与下载接口 .13 3.3 液晶屏幕 LCD12864 .14 3.4 语音芯片 ISD4002.14 3.5 本章小结 .15 第 4章 报站系统软件设计 .16 4.1 软件总体设计 .16 4.2 报站系统主程序设计 .16 4.3 GPS 数据处理程序设计.18 4.3.1 GPS 数据的获取.