资源预览内容
第1页 / 共20页
第2页 / 共20页
第3页 / 共20页
第4页 / 共20页
第5页 / 共20页
第6页 / 共20页
第7页 / 共20页
第8页 / 共20页
第9页 / 共20页
第10页 / 共20页
亲,该文档总共20页,到这儿已超出免费预览范围,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
课前轻松阅读课前轻松阅读The whole desert(沙漠)seemed to be burning. The sun was shining brightly. Father and son were crossing the desert. They stopped to drink some water and rest for several minutes. Soon they drank all of the water that they brought. But it was impossible for them to get some. After a long walk, they were terribly tired and thirsty, so every step was very difficult. At this point the father saw a horseshoe in the sunshine on the yellow sand that was left by some desert pioneer.The father said to his son “Pick it up now, for it will be useful.“The son looked at the huge desert with a disdainful(轻视的)look and shook his head.The father said nothing, but stopped to pick up the horseshoe and moved on.Finally, they reached a house and the father got 200 sour grapes by selling the horseshoe.When they walked in the desert and suffered thirst once again, his father took out the sour grapes to eat as he walked and he dropped one on the ground while he was eating 一 his son would have to stoop(弯腰) to pick it up each time he wanted to eat. 第一讲:动词及动词短语第一讲:动词及动词短语考点导航考点导航根据对动词和动词词组部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:1、动词和动词词组辨析。2、常用动词于名词、副词、介词构成的短语动词的基本含义和引申义。基础过关基础过关一一.定义定义表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。动词决定着句子意思的表达,同时又决定着句子的语法结构。1.根据动词在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。说明说明 很多动词是兼类词。例如:We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。 (have 是实义动词。 )He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (have 是助动词。 )2. 根据动词后是否带有宾语,可分为及物动词与不及物动词两类(英语缩写形式分别为 vt. 和 vi.)。说明说明 同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。 (sing 在此用作不及物动词。 )She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。 (sing 用作及物动词。 )3. 动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分为谓语动词谓语动词和非谓语动词非谓语动词两类。如:She sings very well. 她唱得很好。 (sing 受主语 she 的限制,故用第三人称单数形式 sings。 )She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。 (to learn 不受主语 she 的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 )说明说明 英语中共有三种非谓语动词:动词不定式、动名词、分词动词不定式、动名词、分词。4. 根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如:The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains 是单字动词。 )Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。 (look up 是短语动词。 )The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。 (take care of 是动词短语。 )5. 动词有五种基本形式:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、-ing 形式形式。二二.系动词系动词系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb) ,作为系动词,它本身有词义但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语) ,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。说明说明 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。例如:He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。 (fell 是系动词,后跟表语,说明主语情况。 )He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。 (fell 是实义动词,单独作谓语。 )1)状态系动词)状态系动词用来陈述事实,表示主语状态,只有 be 一词。例如:He is a teacher.他是一名教师。 (is 与表语一起说明主语的身份。 )2)持续系动词)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有 keep, stay, remain, lie, stand, hold, rest, continue。如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词)表像系动词表示“看起来像”,有 seem, appear, look 等:He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词)感官系动词感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”, “变成”, “最终表明”之意。例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。 (turn out 表终止性结果)注意注意有些连系动词与形容词的搭配较为固定有些连系动词与形容词的搭配较为固定,如:come clean(全盘托出)(全盘托出) ,come true(变成现实)(变成现实) ,draw near(临近)临近) ,fall asleep(入睡)(入睡) ,fall due(到期)(到期) ,fall ill(生病)(生病) ,go bad(变质)(变质) ,go mad(发(发疯)疯) ,go hungry(挨饿)(挨饿) ,go wrong(出毛病)(出毛病) ,get lost(迷路)(迷路) ,get ready(准备好)(准备好) ,keep calm(保(保持冷静)持冷静) ,keep clean and tidy(保持整洁)(保持整洁) ,lie waste(荒废)(荒废) ,make certain(确认)(确认) ,make ready(准(准备好)备好) ,make sure(确信)(确信) ,run dry(干枯)(干枯) ,stand firm(不让步)(不让步) ,stand still(站着不动)(站着不动) 。If you come clean about what happened, I will promise to keep it to myself. 发生了什么事你都告诉我,我保证不会对别人讲的。The prediction is coming true.预言即将变成现实。Something went wrong with the computer. 计算机出毛病了。 The charges of water and electricity will fall due tomorrow; dont forget to pay it.水电费到明天就到期了,别忘记交。 seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等连系动词后可接等连系动词后可接 to be,也可不接,也可不接(to be 后如果是名词且无形容词修饰,to be 常不省) 。She seemed (to be) an honest woman.She seemed to be a nurse.She appears (to be) asleep.The party turned out (to be) very successful.The weather continued (to be) fine.注意注意 连系动词无被动语态。连系动词无被动语态。三三. 助动词助动词1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身无词义,不可单独使用如:He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。 (doesnt 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义)2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:a. 表示时态。例如:He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b. 表示语态。例如:He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句。例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?d. 与 not 合用,构成否定句。例如:I dont like him.我不喜欢他。e. 加强语气。例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 等。助动词的用法:助动词的用法:1.助动词 be 的用法1)构成进行时态: be +现在分词。例如:They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。English is bec
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号