1Chapter 1Ten Principles of EconomicsTRUE/FALSE1. Scarcity means that there is less of a good or resource available than people wish to have.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitional2. Economics is the study of how evenly goods and services are distributed within society.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-0NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions in economicsTOP: Economics MSC: Definitional3. Economics is the study of how society allocates its unlimited resources.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-0NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions in economicsTOP: Economics MSC: Definitional4. With careful planning, we can usually get something that we like without having to give up something else that we like.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Interpretive5. Choosing not to attend a concert so that you can study for your exam is an example of a tradeoff.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP: Tradeoffs MSC: Applicative6. Efficiency means everyone in the economy should receive an equal share of the goods and services produced.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Efficiency and Equity TOP: EqualityMSC: Definitional7. Equality refers to how the pie is divided, and efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Efficiency and Equity TOP: Equality | EfficiencyMSC: Definitional8. Government policies that improve equality usually increase efficiency at the same time.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Efficiency and Equity TOP: Efficiency | EqualityMSC: Interpretive9. An individual deciding how to allocate her limited time is dealing with both scarcity and trade-offs.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretative10. The cost of an action is measured in terms of foregone opportunities.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive11. Tuition is the single-largest cost of attending college for most students.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Interpretive2 Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics12. If wages for accountants rose, then accountants leisure time would have a lower opportunity cost.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity costTOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative13. A marginal change is a small incremental adjustment to an existing plan of action.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Marginal costs & benefits TOP: Marginal changesMSC: Definitional14. An increase in the marginal cost of an activity necessarily means that people will no longer engage in any of that activity.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Marginal costs & benefits TOP: Marginal changesMSC: Applicative15. If the average cost of transporting a passenger on the train from Chicago to St. Louis is $75, it would be irrational for the railroad to allow any passenger to ride for less than $75.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Marginal costs & benefits TOP: Marginal changesMSC: Applicative16. The fact that people are willing to pay much more for a diamond, which is not needed for survival, than they are willing to pay for a cup of water, which is needed for survival, is an example of irrational behavior.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Marginal costs & benefits TOP: Marginal changesMSC: Interpretive17. A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only if the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Marginal costs & benefits TOP: Marginal changesMSC: Interpretive18. Suppose one county in Missouri decides it wants to reduce alcohol consumption, so the county passes a law that raises the price of a bottle of beer by $1. As a result, people drive to other counties to drink alcohol, which results in an increase in drunk driving. This illustrates the principle that people respond to incentives.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of incentives TOP: IncentivesMSC: Applicative19. A tax on gasoline is an incentive that encourages people to drive smaller more fuel-efficient cars.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 1-1NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of incentives TOP: IncentivesMSC: Applicative20. Trade allows each person to specialize in the activities he or she does best, thus increasing each individuals productivity.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 1-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP: Trade | Productivity MSC: Interpretive21. Trade with any nation can be mutually beneficial.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 1-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Gains from trade, specialization and tradeTOP: Trade MSC: Interpretive22. Trade can make everyone better off except in the case where one person is better at do