Proposal for the waste management program related to the oily drilling cutting Great Wall Drilling Company Beijing, China Feb, 20111.IntroductionOil and gas wells cannot be drilled without creating waste. However, with good waste management practices, the amount of waste and the toxicity of waste can be reduced. By far, the greatest volume of waste generated in the drilling process is drilled cuttings. The first step and perhaps the best waste management practice is good Solids control equipment, including shakers, mud conditioners, and centrifuges. With our latest technologies in Drilling Waste Management Services we strive to reduce the waste generated at source, during drilling activities to acceptable environmental levels. Our waste management services are based on our Waste Management Hierarchy which governs the way we deal with Solids control and waste disposal in all our drilling activities worldwide.All these services have been structured and designed to meet the increasingly high environmental standards required by the industry when operating in ever more remote and diverse locations. The integration and management of all these services by GWDCs team of specialists provides the Client with the confidence that any project will be completed in accordance with the highest standards possible.2.Proposal for the waste management program related to the oily drilling cuttingTreatment of the NABM drilled cuttings will comply with the Waste Management Program and/or Companys specifications and local requirements. GWDC shall provide Vertical Cuttings Dryers equipment package of first step to reduce the OOC (Oil on Cuttings) to 8-5%. Then, the second step to use bioremediation to reduce the OOC (Oil on Cuttings) to less than 2%Step #1. NABM Solids wastes Vertical Cuttings Dryers Disposal ProcessDrilling waste fluid the waste in collecting tank should be transferred to mud plant or disposal site to dryer for further treatment. Process chart: Transfer systemCuttings from the first shale shaker shall be transferred into collecting tank for waste fluid it generates few emissions; wastes are converted into products; it requires minimal, if any, transportation. Sometimes, bioremediation is used as an interim treatment or disposal step, which reduces the overall level of hydrocarbon contamination prior to final disposal. Bioremediation can create a drier, more stable material for land filling, thereby reducing the potential to generate leachate. Depending on the composition of the hydrocarbon components, the bioremediation environment, and the type of treatment utilized, bioremediation may be a fairly slow process and require months or years to reach the desired result. The most important factors for control of biological degradation of hydrocarbons are:a) An adequate supply of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria; b) Availability of sufficient oxygen for cell metabolism; Try to increase porosity and aeration potential for biological degradation.c) Availability and balance for nutrients and micro-nutrients (N, P, K, trace elements + minerals); If necessary, nutrients should be added into soil. d) Moisture control;To keep the soil moisture, but dont saturate.e) Temperature and pH; The biological activity or growth rate of deferent bacteria (for example: psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, hyperthermophiles) depends on deferent temperature. (see left graph below) The typical pH optimum is between 6 and 8.f) Salinity.Bioremediation will clean up the oil, but the brine must be washed away.GWDC Drilling Fluid proposes two biological options for oily drilling cuttings that are Land Farming and Biopiles.Basic Land FarmingSurface soils generally contain significant microbial populations like bacteria, yeast, actinomicetal, fungi, algae and protozoa, called the indigenous microbial group. These microorganisms are capable of degrading most organic compounds. These microbes can only degrade these organic compounds if the conditions are non-toxic to growth, and they have or can develop the enzymatic capability of degrading the organic compounds, and suitable environmental conditions for growth exist. The efficiency of the Bioremediation process is very dependent on conditions such as available oxygen, moisture and nutrients. Conditions must exist in which there is greater than 2mg/L dissolved oxygen or 10% air filled pore spaces. Available soil moisture is ideally between 60 80 % water holding capacity. Nutrient needs require sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (at 100:10:1 proportion). Ideal soil conditions are those when the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) is less than 12 mg/l and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) is less than 15%. In addition, soluble salt measured as electrical conductivity (EC) should be less than 4 mmho/cm. Other factors such as matrix pH and temperature affect the process, the pH should ideally be between 6.0 and 8.0. Biore