课题: Module 6 Grammar 2 总第 课时 第 5 课时 中心备课人 授课时间 授课人 Master the basic usages of the definite article .To enable the students to know the usage of zero article教 学 目标及达成First read the grammar, then explain and exercise.教 学 重 点Enable the students to know the usage of definite article教 学 难 点.Get the Ss to know the usage of the article.教学方法(教具)Read ,explain, practise教学过程备课 札记教 师 活 动学生 活动冠词的用法一定冠词的用法1.用在表示方向，方位的名词前the east 东方；the west 西方；the right 右边；the left 左边注意：方位词成对使用构成平行结构时，不用定冠词。The river is two thousand miles long from east to west.2.用在序数词前定冠词用在序数词前，也用在表示序列的 next, last 等前，还有表示“同一”或“唯一”的词前。如：He is the only person who knows the secret.他是唯一知道这个秘密的人。This is the very book I want. 这正是我要的书。 （用 very 表示强调）注意：序数词表示“又一”时，前面用不定冠词 a/an。He bought a second pair of shoes. 他又买了一双鞋。3.用在乐器名词前，表示演奏 She can play the piano/violin/guitar.4.用在江河，海洋，湖泊，群岛，山脉的名称前the Yangtze River 长江； the West Lake 西湖；the Pacific 太平洋；the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉5.用在普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall 长城；the United Nations 联合国；the New York Times 纽约时报6.用在某些形容词前表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念。The old 老年人；the poor 穷人；the beautiful 美的东西注意：表示人的时候做主语，应看成复数意义；当表示物的时候应看成不可数意义。7.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人，夫妇二人。The Greens will move to the country.格林一家要搬到乡下去。8.用在表示计算单位的名词前，含有“每一”的意思。John is paid by the hour. 吉母的工资按小时付。9.用在前面已提到的人的身体部位或衣着的名词前。这种用法是先把整个对象说出来，然后再说到那个对象身体的局部或衣着。动词（hit,pull,pat,strike,catch,hold,take,lead）+sb 介词（in,on,by,across）+身体部位或衣着She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了他的肩。注意：She patted the boy on his head. (误，本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用 ones)She patted the boy on the head. (正)10.用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代The war broke out in the forties. 那场战争发生在 40 年代。11.用在表示自然现象的名词前the rain; the wind; the fog; the snow; the air注意：这类名词有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示“一场，一阵，一种” 。There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一场大雨。这类名词表示一般物质时，不用冠词。Man can not live without air. 没有空气人无法生存。12.用在某些习惯用语中in the morning; in the evening; in the field ; in the country; in the sun; in the distance; on the right; by the way; in the daytime; go to the concert; at the beginning ; all the year round;等等。零冠词1. 指球类运动前,以及在和介词 by 连用的交通工具与通讯方式前不用冠词. He seldom plays football on Sunday morning.They came to Shanghai by ship (water, plane, air, train).We informed him by telegram that we would arrive early in the morning. 注意:如果交通工具名词或通讯方式名词用了复数形式或前面有了修饰语,就不能使用介词 by,而要用 in, on.例如:We can go there on bikes.Instead of writing to her mother, she likes talking to her on the telephone.2.在 go to 之后加地点名词,表示去从事某项活动,不用冠词;和介词 in 连用,表示在从事某项活动,也不用冠词.go to school / in school go to hospital / in hospital go to class / in class go to bed / in bed注意:在以上词组中如果使用冠词,则表示到某个地点去或在某个地点. Im going to the hospital to tell Dr. Li something important.-Where is your father?-He is in the school.3.在三餐饭前或在四个季节前不加冠词.Sometimes, she has lunch at school.When autumn comes, leaves turn yellow.注意:如果在三餐饭、四个季节的前面或后面有修饰语,则应加冠词.例如:In the autumn of 1949, our hometown was liberated. In a cold winter, he left his hometown for Shanghai.We had a good supper at her home. 4.作表语,同位语,宾语补足语或主语补足语的职务头衔名词前不加冠词.例如:They elected Bush President of the USA.Jack, head of our workshop, didnt agree with us.Who is chairman of the meeting? 5.在表示地名、人名、抽象名词和物质名词前不加冠词;在称呼前也不加冠词.例如:London, Shakespear, importance, sandHi, little friend! Good morning, boys and girls!但以下情况要加冠词.Its a pleasure.(指一件令人快乐的事情)The water in this well is very dirty. (特指)Our journey by camel was quite an experience. (转义)6.在节假日前不加冠词.例如:Christmas Day, Womens Day注意:在 “春节”和 “中秋节”之前要加 the. 例如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn Day7.在一些固定词组或固定句型中不用冠词.例如:out of question (不成问题) in time (按时) in turn (轮流)at midnight / at daybreak /at dawn/at sunriseChild as he is, he is very brave.(虽然他是个孩子, 但是他很勇敢.)It is time that we started out. (我们现在该出发了.) 板书设计板书设计：定冠词记忆口决世界独一二次现，序词形容高级前；富人伤员按天算，方位乐器影视院；群岛河山江湖海，普专复合姓氏前；双知年代击中脸，特指事物及习惯。零冠词记忆口诀不用冠词有几点，呼语头衔职务前；星期月季节假日，专名球类及三餐；听音下棋各学科，正午睡觉是习惯；名前代词这那限，泛指事物不用冠。导学后记