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济南沃尔得国际英语1www.jnworld.cn省略为避免重复而作的省略为避免重复而作的省略当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词出现时,其中一个必须保留,另外的则最好省 略,以避免重复,使句子简练。需省略的词通常出现在复合句、复杂句及复合短语中。 在大多数情况下,它都出现在需要保留的词后面,偶尔也出现在它的前面。在下面例句 中,需保留的词印作斜体,而需省略的词都放在括号中,如果放在需保留的词的前面, 则需省略的词印作黑体。句子中有各种成分可以省略,可以是 S(主语),Aux(助动 词),V(主要动词),O(宾语),C(补语)或其他成分:a复合句中的省略:S 省略:I arrived here today, and(I) must stay here one or two weeksHe came up,(he) sat down,and(he) stared at meThe upper(shelfshelf) and the lower shelf are full of booksAux 省略:Ted will be leaving this morning,and Liz( will be) coming this eveningI have got up, and my wife(has) prepared our break- fast(正确,有两 个不同的主语。)I have go up and I(have) taken breakfast(错句,有两个相同的主语。)I have got up and(I have)taken breakfast(正确, 主语和助动词一起省 略。)V 省略:The loser is sad, but the winner(is) happyHe studies math, but his brother(studies) dancingCharacter lives in a man, and reputation(lives) outside of himSome die of hunger, others(die) of eating too much济南沃尔得国际英语2www.jnworld.cnA large number of people come to look around, but very few(come) to buyYou must work, but neednt(work)on Sunday(有助 动词)“Has the show started?”“It may have(started)”She can(dancedance), but you wont dance=She can dance, but you wont (dance)S 和 Aux 省略:He will come,and(he will) play at cards with meTom is giving up smoking,and(Tom is) taking exer- cise every morningAux 和 V 省略:I will give Mary a doll,and aunt(will give) Jane a bookI have ordered my men to wait for action, and JimmyLee( has ordered) his to blow up the bridgeI must go and you(must go) tooV 和 O 省略:He teaches me Thai and She(teaches me) MalayI asked Rex to go, but she(asked Rex) to stayYou like this blue dress? My wife(likes this blue dress)too(如宾语后 不跟别的词应该加 too)单独的 O 不能省略:I treat Jan well,but he treats(Jan)better(错句,像 Jan 这样一个单独 的宾语不能省略,应该用 her 代替。)“Do you drink coffee?”“ Yes, I like(coffee), madam”(错句,应当 说 yes,I do 或 yes,I like it)C 省略:济南沃尔得国际英语3www.jnworld.cnMoney is not the end of life,character is(the end of life)S 和及物动词省略:He has no ambition, therefore(he has) no worry“What did he say?”“(He said) Nothing”It concerns you, and also(it concerns) meShe loves Jack, but(she loves)not GregI find Rex a lazy boy and(I find) Joy a nice girlI told him to ralax and(I told) her to take care of himI study French on Monday,(I study) German on WednesdayS 和系动词省略:“Whose car is that?”“(That is) Mine”“Where is your girlfriend?”“(My girlfriend is) In Japam”V 和 O 省略(仅仅 S 和 O 之间的形容词保留):He likes green cars,she(likes) yellow(cars), I(like) black (cars)S,Aux,V 省略:I will tell Dick to wait and(I will tell)Dawn to come immediatelyAux,V,O 省略:Tom will clean the house today, and Lucille(will clean the house) tomorrowAux,V, C 省略(若 C 后没有其他词应加 too):I have been a nurse and she(has been a nurse) too第一及第二 O 省略,但最后的 O 不省略:济南沃尔得国际英语4www.jnworld.cnJane edited(thisthis WeeklyWeekly), Liz printed(thisthis WeeklyWeekly), and I distributed this weeklyI cleaned up(thethe roomroom) and then he painted the roomI threw away(thethe rubbishrubbish) but my wife took back the rubbish第一个 C 省略:Rex seems(stupidstupid), but Roy really is,stupid=Rex seems stupid, but Roy really is(stupid)第一个 O 及 C 省略:My wife advised(ourour daughterdaughter toto marrymarry thisthis richrich manman),but I forbade, our daughter to marry this rich manMy wife likes our daughter(toto looklook sexysexy), and Mrs Doe also likes hers, to look sexy除 S 及 Aux 外整句省略:He can please anybody he doesnt like, but I cant (please anybody I dont like)=He can, but I cant, please anybody I dont likeJohn drinks a lot of coffee every morning, but not Mary(= but Mary doesnt drink)=John, but not Mary,drinks a lot of coffee every morning除最后一个谓语外,其他谓语都省略(但助动词保留):Douglas could(paypay hishis debtdebt), and must(paypay hishis debtdebt), but wont,pay his debt在回答一般疑问句时,除 S 及 Aux,其他部分都省略:“Will Jane come tomorrow?”“Yes,she will(come to- morrow)”“Must I show them my ID?”“No, you neednt(show them your ID)”整个句子都省略,只剩下回答 who,which 等的词:“Who will come tomorrow?”“Tom(will come tomorrow)”济南沃尔得国际英语5www.jnworld.cn“When will you start for Singapore?”“Next Sunday (I will start for Singapore)”整个从句省略,只剩下副词(短语)或状语从句:He will come here, but(he will)not(come here)until ten oclockEverybody shares,but not(everybody shares)alikeSee the doctor,and(see the doctor) immediatelyHe earned lots of money,but (he did)not(earn lots of money) to spend it“Do you love her?”“Yes,(I love her)if she loves me”“Do you help people?”“Yes,( I help people) so that I may be happy”That 用来代替前面的分句:He made mistakes and that(=he made mistakes) very oftenI would like to go abroad,but that(= I would like to go abroad) at the lowest costWe must get ready to set out and that(=We must get ready to set out) before six oclock in the morning第一分句的状语可影响后面分句的状语:Five days ago,I arrived in Las Vegas and(on the same day) I won three thousand dollarsAt a casino,first I won three thousand but then(at the same place) I lost eight thousandGenerally speaking, you can tell lies once or twice
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