UnitUnit 2 2 GrammarGrammar 【课前导学】判断正误：1. Millie has gone to South Hill many times. （ ） 2. Wheres your father? He has been to the library. （ ）3. When have you been to Hong Kong? （ ）4. Kitty has been to Hong Kong for two days. （ ）5. He has left Beijing for a week. （ ）6. He has not left Beijing yet. （ ）7. He has bought a car since 2007. （ ） 8. He has had a car since 2007. （ ） 【课堂学习】1. Step One ：Leading in 2. Watch and Find 3. Discuss and Work out the rules:（Group work）（一）1. have been to 和 have gone to 的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里如：He_ _ _ the USA _.他到美国去过两次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to 主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？ -She _ _ _ the hospital. -她去医院了。（二）have been to 和 have been in 的区别have been to 强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示次数的状语。如： She has been to Shanghai twice.-How many times has he been there? -Hes been there many times.have been in / at 表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表一段时间的状语。如： They _ _ _ the bus stop for half an hour.他们在车站已呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站） We _ _ _ Xian for two weeks.我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安） How long _ they_ _ China?他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）4. ago, since 和 for 的用法(1)ago 只能用于过去时，放于段时间后。(2)since 短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，接表示过去时间点的词语/段时间+ago/从句（一般过去时）用于现在完成时的句子， 如： Mr. Smith has worked here _ 1984. 1984 年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。 He has learned about 5,000 English words _ he went to college. 他上大学以来学了约五千个英语单词。(3)for 短语表示动作延续多长时间，接表示段时间的时间状语，对 for, since 引导的时间提问用 how long.We have known each other _ twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。I havent seen her _ a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。练习：用 since 和 for 填空 1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month 4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock 7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here 5.短暂性动词与延续性动词。短暂性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。常见的短暂性动词有：begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, arrive, reach, open, close, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, die 等。延续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有：study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, keep 等。短暂性动词在肯定句中不能与表示延续的时间状语，即不能与 for, since，how long 等引导的一段时间连用。如果要连用，可以通过下面的方式来实现。1）把短暂性动词改为延续性动词。P282) 使用 It is /has been+段时间+since. 或 一段时间+has passed +since.的句式。如：I left Jurong ten days ago.我离开句容 10 天了。= It _ _ _ _since _ _ _.= _ _ _ _since _ _ _.The film started 5 minutes ago.电影已经开始 5 分钟了。= The film _ _ _ _ _ _.= It _ _ _ since _ _ _.8. Practice：【课后拓展】 一、选用 have been to 或 have gone to 的适当形式填空。1.My father Beijing. He willbe back in two days.2.The Greens the USA twice.3.A:Where is your aunt now?I havent seen her for a long time.B:She Xiamen.4._ you ever _ Hong Kong Disneyland?5.A: Tom Nanjing?B:Yes. He hasnt come back yet. 二、同义句转换1. He got to Beijing five days ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2. They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _.3. We return to Yangzhong yesterday. We _ _ _ to Yangzhong since _.4. I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _.5. The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ _six hours_. 6. He left here five days ago. He _ _ _ _ here _ five days. 7. My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _ for _ _.8. They married in 1990. They _ _ _ since _.9. They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _. 10. He joined the team in 2002. He _ _ a _ _ the team for two years. He _ _ _ the team for two years.三、短文填空One day I found a little girl sitting in the park sadly. Lots of people passed by but never s_1_ to see why she looked so sad. As I got closer ,I saw that her b_2_had a strange shape. Thats a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the r_3_why people just passed by and make no effort to help. I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she, in a low voice, said, “Hi.” I smiled and she smiled b_4_, shyly. Then we talked there u_5_ it got dark. I asked the girl why she was so sad. She looked at me and said with a sad face, “Because of the hump.” “But, you make me t_6_of an angel (天使), sweet and friendly,” I said. She looked at me and asked, “Really?” I said, “Yes, I think you are an angel and you come here to watch over all those peopl