Medical MicrobiologyMedical MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbiology, HMUDepartment of Microbiology, HMU第二篇 致病性细菌第22章 芽胞杆菌属 Bacillus微生物学教研室 李妍Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University教学大纲n掌握内容u炭疽芽胞杆菌主要生物学特性；致病物质及所 致疾病微生物学检查法（Ascoli试验）n了解内容u炭疽芽胞杆菌的防治原则蜡样芽胞杆菌及其他 需氧芽胞杆菌的分布及引起疾病Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University问题n炭疽芽胞杆菌所致疾病n炭疽芽胞杆菌的检查Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University动物源性细菌、动物源性疾病n动物源性疾病n动物源性细菌Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University芽胞杆菌属 Bacillusn一大群需氧或兼性厌氧、革兰阳性大杆菌n炭疽芽胞杆菌 炭疽病n枯草芽胞杆菌 败血症及虹膜炎n蜡样芽胞杆菌 食物中毒炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus. anthracisDepartment of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University形态与染色n1.01.2m3.05.0mn革兰染色阳性n杆状，两端平切，竹节状n菌体中央椭圆形芽胞，不膨出Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University显微镜下的炭疽细菌胞子显微镜下的炭疽细菌胞子Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University培养特性n需氧n营养要求不高n普通培养基中生长旺盛n明胶培养管Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University抗原构造n荚膜多肽抗原n菌体多糖抗原n芽胞抗原 n炭疽毒素复合物 Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University抵抗力n繁殖体抵抗力与一般细菌相同n芽胞抵抗力强Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University致病物质n荚膜 n炭疽毒素 Anthrax toxin Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University所致疾病n炭疽 Anthraxu皮肤炭疽u肠炭疽u肺炭疽Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University免疫性n感染炭疽后可获得持久的免疫力Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University微生物学检查法n标本 n直接涂片镜检 n分离培养与鉴定n炭疽抗原检查Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University防治原则n控制动物炭疽n炭疽减毒活疫苗预防接种n长期被用作生物武器，提高生物防护措施n治疗首选青霉素Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University蜡样芽胞杆菌n生物性状u革兰阳性大杆菌，两端钝圆u周鞭毛，无荚膜，形成芽胞u需氧或兼性厌氧n致病u食物中毒F腹泻型食物中毒F呕吐型食物中毒Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University小结n炭疽芽胞杆菌u主要生物学特性u致病物质及所致疾病u微生物学检查法（Ascoli试验）