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1精品新课标高考英语语法填空解题技法点拨 (一)如何做给出动词提示题 解题要诀 给出动词提示题要考虑时态、语态、非谓语动词的正确使用以 及主谓一致。 要诀 1:如果句中缺少谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为谓 语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。 例 1 David:How many units will be included in the coming test? Linda:Three altogether.They are Unit 4,Unit 5 and Unit 6. David:Really?I 66 (think) Unit 6 would not be covered. 答案 thought 解析 考查时态。分析句子结构可知,空格所在句缺少谓语动词, 后面句子为宾语从句。根据上下文可知此处句意为:我原以为第六单 元不被包括在内。think 发生在过去,故用一般过去时。 例 2 Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport 5 (steal) 答案 is stolen 解析 考查时态和语态。if 条件状语从句中缺少谓语,且主语 passport 与 steal 存在被动关系,根据主句时态和句意可知,此处应用 一般现在时的被动语态表将来。 要诀 2:如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非 谓语动词,就要考虑是 v.ing 形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。(1)作主语,v.ing 形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区 别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no主语”中,主语需用动名词而 不用不定式。 (2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。 (3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在 分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。 (4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式;介词后面要用动名词。 (5)作定语,不定式表将来;现在分词表进行;过去分词表被动 与完成。 (6)作宾语补足语,不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进 行;过去分词表被动或完成。 (7)独立主格,with 复合结构及其固定句式结构。 例 3 It is widely believed that 17 (form) a good habit will benefit us all our lives.2答案 forming 解析 分析句子结构可知,that 引导的主语从句中缺主语,这里 使用动名词短语作主语,表示泛指意义的行为。 例 4 M:Im so relieved.I just finished the story I was working on for our creative writing course. W:I havent finished mine yet.I had trouble 62 (get) past the beginning. 答案 (in) getting 解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构 have trouble (in) doing sth.可知,此处应填现在分词形式。 例 5 Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note 25 (tell) where the bird was found. 答案 telling 解析 with 复合结构中,非谓语动词和其逻辑主语 note 为主谓 关系,所以用现在分词形式。 例 6 For example,the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow” ,is based on the following story.(2008广东) 答案 to help 解析 此处为动词不定式作目的状语。(二)如何做词类(形)转换题 解题要诀 要诀 1:作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表性质状 态)时,通常用形容词形式。 例 1 He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was 18 (health) 答案 healthy 解析 句中缺表语,根据空后提示词及语意可知,此处应填 health 的形容词形式 healthy。 要诀 2:作主语,或在及物动词、介词后作宾语时,前面可能 有形容词修饰,通常用名词形式,注意单复数形式。 例 2 He had witnessed too many 19 (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier,in which 40,000 people 3were killed,wounded or missing. 答案 deaths 解析 考查词形变化。这里指的是死亡,是可数名词,在句中作 及物动词 witness 的宾语,故应用 die 的名词形式;空前的 too many 暗 示应用 death 的复数形式。 要诀 3:在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(形容词)” 后,用名词形式。 例 3 Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his 46 (strong) and get ready for a days work. 答案 strength 解析 考查词类变换。由物主代词 his 可知,此空应填名词。 要诀 4:根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,有可能是词义转换题, 词性不一定要变,主要考查与词根意义相反的派生词,需要在词根 前加 un,im,in等,或在词根后加less 等。 例 4 All the discoveries in human history have been made as a result of curiosity,so the clever curiosity is never about 69 (important) things which have little or nothing to do with the happiness of the public. 答案 unimportant 解析 考查形容词作定语以及构词法。修饰名词 things,故应该 用形容词;根据句意“人类所有的发明都出自好奇心,因此聪明的好 奇心永远不可能是与公众的幸福没有关系的一些不重要的东西。 ”可 知应填 unimportant。 要诀 5:若括号中所给词为动词,也有可能考词类转换;若是 形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较级或最高级。 例 5 David:All right.Please name three European countries. Linda:Its easy.France,Germany and Russia.I can even say more. David:It seems you are 69 (well) prepared than me.Now its your turn to ask me questions. 答案 better 解析 考查比较级。由 than 可知,此处考查副词 well 的比较级。 结合句意,应填 better。(三)如何做虚词类纯空格题(冠词、介词、连词等) 解题要诀4要诀 1:如果句子不缺主语或表语,动词后又不缺宾语,则在 名词或代词前面一定是填介词。 例 1 The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.(2012广东) 答案 for 解析 for a few seconds 是 for 接一段时间构成的介词短语作状 语。 例 2 Still others prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles 52 the envelopes along with their letters.(2012湖南) 答案 in 解析 限定词 the名词 envelopes 之前应缺少介词,由句意可知, 应为“放在信封里面” ,故填介词 in。 要诀 2:名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不 定代词),则很可能是填限定词。 例 3 “In the beginning,there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always thinking that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.”(2013广东) 答案 a 解析 a small amount of 少量的,为固定搭配。故应填不定冠词 a。 例 4 But she quickly realized that it wasnt her,it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row.(2012广东) 答案 the 解析 “最后一排”为特指,要加定冠词 the,即 in the last row。 要诀 3:若两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间没有连词,则可 能是填连词。 例 5 The One World Futbol needs no pump 53 wont wear out,even on rough surfaces.(2013湖南) 答案 and 解析 不需要打气筒与不会磨破为两个并列的分句,故应填 and。 要诀 4:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没 有分号或句号,则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。 例 6 Therefore,many young girls on TV choose to wear the most provocative (挑逗性的) clothes to catch attention, 66 when it comes to singing,they are in a complete mess and one doesnt need to 5have an ear for music to notice their lack of talent. 答案 but 解析 根据本句内容可知,空前后是转折关系,故用并列连词 but。 例 7 20 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong.(2012广东) 答案 Although/Though 解析 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back 与 he was wrong 为两个单句,故缺少从属连词。谈论一个假定的事实, 此处用更接近事实的表示让步的连词“尽管,虽然” 。(四)如何做实词类纯空格题 (代词、助动词、情态动词、语境填词等) 解题要诀 要诀 1:如果句子缺主语或宾语
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