,Unit 1 Great Scientists,What do you know about great scientists? Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most.,Warming up,1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist,2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?,Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British author of The Origin of Species,3.Who invented the first steam engine?,Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.,4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?,Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Czech (捷克人),5.Who discovered radium?,Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes),6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?,Thomas Edison (1847-1931) an American inventor,7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?,Last Supper,Mona Lisa,Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist,8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?,Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829)British,Miniature Miners Safety Lamp,9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,Zhang Heng(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph,10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?,Stephen Hawking (1942-) a British astronomer,1.Do you know about SARS?,It is a kind of terrible infectious disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.,It is a kind of terrible infectious disease, which killed many people.,2.Do you know about cholera?,But John Snow, a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London, defeated “King Cholera”.,John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”,Lets get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in:,John Snow (1813 - 1854),“For his persistent efforts to determine how cholera was spread and for the statistical mapping methods he initiated, John Snow is widely considered to be the father of epidemiology(流行病学).,John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”,Why couldnt cholera be controlled at first?Its cause was not understoodIts cure was not understoodNeither its cause nor its cure was understood,First Reading (in 10 minutes):Write down the main idea of each paragraphPara 1:Para 2:Para 3:Para 4:,John Snow was a famous doctor in London and he was kind enough to help the ordinary people with cholera.,John Snow was interested in two theories about cholera.,John Snow collected information to test the two theories.,The map showed that the polluted water might be the reason for cholera.,Para 5:Para 6:Para 7:,The reason for cholera was that the source of the water（水源） was polluted.,John Snow was sure enough that polluted water carried the disease of cholera.,John Snow suggested how to prevent cholera from happening again.,John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”,The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:,1.Find a problem:2.Make up a question:3.Think of a method:4.Collect results:5.Analyse results:6.Repeat if necessary:7.Draw a conclusion:,John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”,What causes cholera?,Which theory is correct?,Collect information on those who were ill or died and where they got their water,Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not die,Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness,Find other evidence to make sure the conclusion,The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined.,