Introduction toIntroduction toIntroduction toIntroduction to StylisticsStylisticsStylisticsStylisticsI. Introduction I. Introduction I. Introduction I. IntroductionWhat is stylistics? Modern Stylistics:General Stylistics: Studying the stylistic features of the main varieties of language.Literary Stylistics: Concentrating on unique features of various types of language use.The Scope of StudiesThe Scope of StudiesThe Scope of StudiesThe Scope of StudiesLiterary stylisticsLiterary stylisticsLiterary stylisticsLiterary stylistics: concentrating on the unique features of various literary works, such as poem, novel, prose, dramaGeneral stylistics:General stylistics:General stylistics:General stylistics: concentrating on the general features of various types of language use, including literary literary literary literary discoursesdiscoursesdiscoursesdiscourses and other practical stylesother practical stylesother practical stylesother practical stylesGeneral stylisticsGeneral stylisticsGeneral stylisticsGeneral stylisticsGenres:Genres:Genres:Genres: news reports, advertisements, public speeches, scientific treatises, legal documents and other practical styles Attitudes:Attitudes:Attitudes:Attitudes: formal and informal language Media of communication:Media of communication:Media of communication:Media of communication: spoken English,written English, e-discourse Regions:Regions:Regions:Regions: British English, American English and other regional dialects Social groups:Social groups:Social groups:Social groups: standard and non-standard language ( varieties of language)Books for Reference王佐良英语文体学引论 秦秀白英语文体学入门 钱瑗实用文体学教程 王守仁英语文体学要略 申丹文学文体学与小说翻译 张德禄功能文体学I. Style and StylisticsI. Style and StylisticsI. Style and StylisticsI. Style and Stylistics“Take an egg, and make a perforationperforationperforationperforation in the base and a correspondingcorrespondingcorrespondingcorresponding one in the apexapexapexapex. And then, apply the lips to the apertureapertureapertureaperture, and by frocibly inhalingfrocibly inhalingfrocibly inhalingfrocibly inhaling the breath, the shell is entirely dischargeddischargeddischargeddischarged of its contents.contents.contents.contents.” ” ” ” I. Style and StylisticsI. Style and StylisticsI. Style and StylisticsI. Style and Stylistics“When I was a galgalgalgal, they made a holeholeholehole in each endendendend and suckedsuckedsuckedsucked.”I. Style and StylisticsI. Style and StylisticsI. Style and StylisticsI. Style and Stylistics1)When his dad died, Peter had to get another job.2)After his father s death, Peter had to change his job.3)On the decease of his father, Mr Brown was obliged to seek alternative employment.Concepts of Style1. 1. 1. 1. A personA personA personA person s s s s distinctive language habits, or the set of individual characteristics of language usee.g. Hemingways styleHenry Jamess styleMark Twains styleConcepts of Style2. Some or all of the language habits shared by a group of peoplea group of peoplea group of peoplea group of people at one time, or over a period of time.e.g. Elizabethan stylethe style of legal documentthe style of news reportingSome Senses of style1) A mans style is his minds voice. (Ralph Waldo Emerson) 2) Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style. (Jonathan Swift) 3) Style is the very thought itself. (Nils Erik Enkvist) 4) Style is ingratiation. It involves saying the right thing in the most effective way. (Nils Erik Enkvist) Some Senses of style5) Style is a shell surrounding a preexisting core of thought. It is regarded as an addition to a central core of thought or expression. (Nils Erik Enkvist)）Some Senses of style6) Style is choice. It is the choice between alterative expressions. (Nils Erik Enkvist)7) Style is a set of individualcharacteristics. It is the man himself. (Nils Erik Enkvist) 8) Style is a deviation from a norm. (Nils Erik Enkvist)Some Senses of style9) Style is the relation among linguistic entities that are stable in terms of wider spans of text than the sentence. (Nils Erik Enkvist) 10) Style is the linguistic features that communicate emotion or thought. (John Middleton Murry) Some Senses of style11) Style is personal idiosyncrasy(习 性，癖好). (John Middleton Murry)12) Style is technique of expression. (John Middleton Murry)13) Style is the highest achievement of literature. (John Middleton Murry)Some Senses of style14) Style is transformation. (Richard M. Ohmann)15) Style is expressiveness. (Stephen UIIman)16) Style is a choice among the non- distinctive features of language. (Leonard Bloomfield)Some Senses of style17) Style is the selection of features partly determined by the demand of genre, form, theme, etc. (Katie Wales) 18) Style is equivalence. (Roman Jakobson it is a discipline that studies used; it is a disc