委婉语的语用分析及其对翻译的启示委婉语的语用分析及其对翻译的启示 Pragmatic Analysis on Euphemism and Its Implications for TranslationAbstract （Times New Roman 三号，粗体）三号，粗体）In the communicating chain between the author, translator and reader, the translator acts as an intermediary, or as the receiver and speaker/writer simultaneously in the communication triangle in terms of pragmatism. Based on the principles of pragmatism, this thesis aims to discuss the pragmatic elements of euphemism by studying the formation ( writer/speaker ) and receipt (receiver ). It explores first the reasons why the speaker or writer uses euphemism and the principles they might observe when using it; then the thesis continues to discuss the pragmatic inference of euphemisms, with its emphasis on how the translator understands euphemism. At the end of the thesis, considerations and possible suggestions for translating euphemisms are given out for readers reference.Key words: euphemism；pragmatic principles (Times New Roman, 小四号)ii Contents (Times New Roman 三号，居中三号，居中, 粗体粗体)Introduction (Times New Roman, 四号，加粗四号，加粗)11 The purpose and principles of using euphemisms (Times New Roman, 四号) 11.1 The purpose of using euphemism (Times New Roman, 小四号小四号, 加粗加粗)11.1.1 Ineffable purpose11.1.2 Urbanization purpose 21.1.3 Palliative purpose21.2 The principle for using euphemisms31.2.1 Cooperative principle31.2.2 Politeness principle4 1.2.3 Self-defending principle4 2. Pragmatic analysis on the receiver of euphemisms (Times New Roman, 四号) 52.1 Pragmatic inference52.2 One of the major factors affecting pragmatic inference6 3. Factors for consideration in translating euphemisms(Times New Roman, 四号)73.1 Stylistic factor73.2 Rhetoric factor83.3 Contextual factor8 4 Conclusion (Times New Roman, 四号)9 Acknowledgements (四号)10References (四号)11iii Introduction （Times New Roman 四号）四号）As a popular figurative speech, euphemisms are widely used in both Chinese and English literal works, newspapers and magazines; so are in our daily life（何善芬，2002）. In Chinese-English or English-Chinese translation, the proper rendering of euphemisms is an important factor. However, traditional study of rhetoric has long been limited to the model of “definition+examples+analysis” and hardly have many breakthroughs been seen (宗延虎，2002). But in fact, rhetoric is a boundary discipline with close relations with semantics, pragmatics, logics, sociology etc. Therefore, it can be analyzed in different corresponding aspects. In essence, figures of speech fall into the category of the dynamic and two-way communicating activity, e.g. a pragmatic activity . Based on the principles of pragmatism, this paper aims to discuss the pragmatic elements of euphemism by studying the formation ( writer/speaker ) and receipt (receiver). It emphasizes how the translator understands and translates euphemism during the translation process. （Times New Roman 小四）1 The purpose and principles of using euphemisms （Times New Roman, 四四号号, 加粗）加粗）According to Oxford Advanced Learners EnglisChinese Dictionary/ Websters New Collegiate Dictionary, euphemism is a kind of figurative speech which employs the use of others, usu, less exact but milder or less blunt, words or phrases in place of words required by truth or accuracy and the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. In the light of pragmatism, euphemism is in fact indirect speech, e.g. the speaker is indirect in expressing his/her view. The following is the authors analysis on the purpose and principle of this indirect speech.1.1 The purpose of using euphemisms (小四小四, 加粗加粗)According to Li Guonan （李国南,2001）, rhetoric is general