海明威对待命运的矛盾态度海明威对待命运的矛盾态度在其作品中的体现在其作品中的体现HEMINGWAYS CONTRADICTORY ATTITUDES TOWARDS FATE MIRRORED IN HIS WORKSAbstractThe thesis shows Hemingways contradictory attitudes towards fate on the basis of an analysis of the main characters in his three well-known novels. In The Sun Also Rises, the protagonist Jake is unfortunate. His wound symbolizes the cruel fate as well as Hemingways pessimistic attitude towards life. But Jake has changed from a depressive to a person who has found the hope for life. His change reflects Hemingways optimistic attitude: remaining a gleam of hope in despair. In A Farewell to Arms, the death of Catherine, meaning the loss of love too cruel a fate for the protagonist Henry to stand, reflects Hemingways pessimistic view of life and his disappointment at reality. But Henry has changed from a man treating life as a game to a tough guy of duty who can face his heartbreak alone, which shows Hemingways positive view of life. In The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway reveals his positive attitude towards fate through the protagonist Santiagos unusual courage and optimism and reveals his pessimistic view of life through Santiagos failure and loneliness. But Hemingway also leaves a gleam of hopeManolin. The boy will be the next champion not to be defeated.Hemingways contradictory attitudes towards fate are fully demonstrated in the protagonists fates in his works. The attitudes stemmed from his family background, his complicated life experiences and the social reality in America at that time.So we cannot simply see Hemingways attitudes towards life and fate as either optimistic or pessimistic. His attitudes are paradoxical. On the one hand, he admires unyielding efforts and believes in the strength of human beings; on the other hand, he reveals pessimistic attitude towards life that no matter how hard one tries, his efforts are all for naught.Key words: Hemingway; Contradictory attitudes; Towards; Fate海明威对待命运的矛盾态度在其作品中的体现海明威对待命运的矛盾态度在其作品中的体现摘要摘要通过对海明威著名的三部小说中主要人物进行分析可以看出海明威对待命运的矛盾态度。 太阳照样升起中的主人公杰克是不幸的，他的伤象征着残酷的命运以及海明威对待生活的悲观态度。但是杰克改变了，从一个忧郁悲伤的人转变成为一个找到了生活的希望的人。杰克的转变反映出海明威在绝望中保留一丝希望的乐观态度。在永别了,武器中，凯瑟琳之死意味着爱情的失去，是主人公亨利难以承受的残酷命运。它反映出海明威悲观的人生态度以及对现实的失望之情。但是亨利从一个游戏人生的人转变为一个有责任感并独自承受巨大悲伤的硬汉。亨利的转变显示出海明威积极的人生态度。 老人与海中主人公圣地亚哥非凡的勇气和乐观精神显示出海明威积极的人生态度，而圣地亚哥的失败和孤独则显示出海明威悲观的人生态度。但海明威还是留下了一线希望马洛林。这个男孩将成为下一个不会被打败的胜利者。 海明威对待生活和命运的矛盾态度通过其作品中主人公的命运得到充分展现。他的这一态度源于他的家庭背景, 他复杂的人生经历和当时美国的社会现实。所以，不能简单地认为海明威对待命运的态度是乐观的或者是悲观的。他的态度是矛盾的。一方面，海明威赞扬不屈不挠的努力，相信人类的奋斗精神；另一方面，他显露出悲观的人生态度，即无论怎样努力，一切都是徒劳。关键词关键词: 海明威； 对待； 命运；矛盾态度；Contents1. Introduction.11.1 About Hemingways three novels.11.2 The protagonists fates in the three novels.12. An analysis of Hemingways attitudes towards fate .22.1 Attitudes towards fate in The Sun Also Rises.22.2 Attitudes towards fate in A farewell to Arms.42.3 Attitudes towards fate in The Old Man and the Sea62.4 The causes of Hemingways contradictory attitudes83. Conclusion.10Notes10Bibliography111Hemingways Contradictory Attitudes Towards Fate Mirrored in His Works1. Introduction 1.1 About Hemingways three novelsEarnest Hemingway, an American novelist and short story writer, was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. He is one of the great American writers of the 20th century. Lots of his works involve his own complicated life experiences, including his participation of the two world wars and his enthusiasm for fishing, hunting, bullfighting, etc. They are his autobiography to a large degree. Hemingway reveals his own innermost feelings, including his contradictory attitudes towards life and fate through the characters fates in his works.With the publication of his first true novel The Sun Also Rises in 1926, Hemingway was recognized as the spokesman of the Lost Generation and became an international celebrity. The novel, sold more than one million copies during his lifetime, is about some expatriates living in postwar Paris, who try to seek psychic solace by eating, drinking, traveling, and lovemaking. In 1929 Hemingway published A Farewell to Arms, another novel with World Waras its background. It tells of a tragic wartime love affair between an ambulance driver and an English nurse. Both the two books reflect an entire generation, including Hemingway himself, ruined by the war physically and mentally. His last masterpiece, The Old Man and the Sea printed in 1952, earned him the Pulitzer Prize in fiction for 1952, and was instrumental in winning him the Nobel Prize two years later. It is a story of an old Cuban fisherman, down on his luck, and his supreme ordealan agonizing battle with a giant marlin on the sea. The three novels, together with For Whom the Bell Tolls, are his main masterpieces, representing his great achievements in literature.Most prot