基于FPGA的LCD控制器设计 - 1 -基于基于FPGA的的LCD控制器设计控制器设计【摘要摘要】本课题主要任务是设计基于FPGA的LCD控制器，兼顾好程序的易用性，以方便之后模块的移植和应用。本课题的设计采用了带ST7920驱动的12864-12液晶模块，并使用Altera公司的cycloneII系列的EP2C5T144C8来作为核心的控制器。控制器部分采用VHDL语言编写，主体程序采用了状态机作为主要控制方式。该控制器分为字符显示模块和图片显示模块两个主要部分。在字符的显示功能上采用显示控制模块与字符调用RAM相结合的方式，使使用者能方便地调用液晶自带的字库来显示字符；而图片显示模块则通过特殊的处理算法解决了图像显示缓冲区X地址不断移位以及上下半屏分开的问题，通过读取图片ROM来显示图片。最后实现使用FPGA在LCD上的任意位置显示任意的16*16像素的中文字符以及16*8的英文字符，另外要能根据输入数据的变化同步变化LCD上显示的内容。同时要能将储存模块中的图片数据正常地显示在LCD上。该课题的研究将有助于采用FPGA的系列产品的开发，特别是需要用到LCD的产品的开发。同时可以大大缩短FPGA的开发时间。另外，由于模块的易用性，也将使得更多的采用FPGA的产品之上出现LCD，增加人机之间的交互性，为行业和我们的生活带来新的变化。 【关键词关键词】12864-12，VHDL，LCD，FPGA，状态机基于FPGA的LCD控制器设计 - 2 -Design of the LCD Control Module Based on FPGA【Abstract】In this project, the main object is to design a LCD controller based on FPGA, and at the same time emphasize on the convenience for the later application and migration. In this project, I used 12864-12 LCD module with the ST7920 driver. For the controller part, I chose the Cyclone II serial FPGA, the EP2C5T144C8, which developed by the Altera Cooperation. The program of the controller is written by VHDL language, and the main body of the program used state machine as the primary control method. In this LCD controller, there are two major parts, which are the character display module and the picture display module. The character display module put the Character Calling Ram and the display control module together to enable the user to call the embedded character library easily to display the information he/she needed. For the picture display module, the module, through specific algorithm, solved the problems that the x address of the picture display buffer kept stepping forward after every 16 times and the display screen are divided into 2 section by the buffer. And this module, by reading a picture ram, displayed picture which was put earlier. In this project, I finally realized the following function. The first one is to display any 16*16 pixels Chinese character and 16*8 pixels English character on any position of the display screen. The second one is the display information will instantaneously update as the input data changes. The last function is that any given picture data can be displayed properly on the LCD screen.The research of this project will contribute to the developing process of those products which use FPGAs, especially those products also use LCD. And at the same time, it can reduce dramatically on the developing time. In addition, for the convenience of this controller, more and more FPGA based products will come out with LCD screen. This change will enhance the interaction between human and the machine, and bring innovation to the industry and our lives.【Key Words】12864-12，VHDL，LCD，FPGA，State Machine. 基于FPGA的LCD控制器设计 3目录目录第1章 绪论51.1 选题的背景与意义 51.2 LCD的控制，应用和市场的发展现状 51.3 课题的主要研究内容和重点、难点 71.3.1 本课题主要研究内容和重点71.3.2 本课题的主要难点：71.4 课题研究预期目标 71.4.1 课题研究预期理论目标71.4.2 课题研究预期技术目标8第2章 现代LCD技术92.1 现代LCD技术简介 92.2 STN-LCD技术的显示原理102.3 动态STN-LCD驱动方法11第3章 现代FPGA技术143.1 FPGA的发展历程143.2 FPGA的基本原理153.2.1 查找表的基本原理153.2.2 基于乘积项的FPGA的逻辑实现原理153.3 FPGA的设计方法163.4 VHDL硬件描述语言 163.5 Quartus II简介173.6 核心控制芯片选择