新目标英语中考系列一：宾语从句新目标英语中考系列一：宾语从句【考点扫描】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。【名师精讲】一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句。That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said/ (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.He will come to China. He says,He says that he will come to China.He is going to improve his English.He thinks that he is going to improve his English.I knowI thinkI believe I am sureI am sorryCan you tell meI love Tom. Who loves Tom? Whom do you love?2. 由连接代词 who 谁, whom 谁, whose 谁的, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句直接使用它的的特殊疑问词作连接词。Do you know.?Where does he live?Do you know 主句 where he lives?宾语从句Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked /whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me/ where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Do you have a book? She asks meShe asks me if /whether I have a book.I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：主现从随便I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is./ was last year.He says that he has been to Beijing twice.He says that he will go to Beijing.He says that Tom has gone to Beijing.He says that he was doing his homework at 8 oclock last night.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：主过从过He said that he lived in Beijing.He lives in Beijing.He has finished his homework.He sais that he had finished .He will go skating.He said that he would go skating .He is at home.He said that he was at home.He had bought a new car.He said that he had bought a new car.He is doing some cleaning.He said that he was doing some cleaning.He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：主客从现Our teacher said/ that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【中考范例】1. (2004 年北京市中考试题)Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she livesC. where did she live D. where she lived【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选 D。2. (2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题)Would you please tell me _?A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didnt watch the game【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. (2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题)I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leaveC. would the train leave D. the train leave【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有 B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. (2004 年常州市中考试题)-We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives hereC. where he comes from D. which country is he from【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A 和 B 可以排除掉。D 的语序不对，只有 C 正确。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom doC. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for ?A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A. how does he mend B. how he mendsC. how he mended D. how did he mend8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?-Usually it comes by 4: 00.A. how B. where C. when D. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _?-Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital.A. how we can get to the post officeB. how can we get to the post officeC. how get to the post officeD. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you?-Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take 花费/ to get there? It takes sb time to do sth.A. how soon will it B. how soon it willC. how long it will D. how long will it11. He wanted to know _.A. whether he speaks at the meeting