第一单元 1.Most countries take a census 人口普查 every ten years or so in order to count the people and to know where they are living. 2.A country with a growing population is a country that is becoming more populous 人口密集. 3. A persons race is partly determined by skin color and type of hair as well as other physical characteristics. 4. The majority of the u.s population is of European origin. 5. The geographical distribution of a countrys population gives information about where the people are living. 6. The total population of the united states is made up of many different kinds of people. 7. In other words ,the population comprises 包括包含 people of different races and ages. 8. The average age of the u.s population, which is a relatively large one, has been getting progressively 逐渐地 higher recently. 9. Metropolitan 大都市 areas are more densely populated than rural areas. That is, they have more people per square mile. 10. The use of antibiotics has greatly decreased the death rate throughout much of the world. 11. A country whose birth rate is higher than its death rate will have increasing population. 12. On the average, women have a higher life expectancy than men do. 第二单元 1. Throughout history, people have moved, or immigrated, to new countries to live. 2. Natural disasters can take many forms: those that are characterized by a shortage of rain or food are called droughts 长期干旱 and famines 饥荒, respectively. 3. Sometimes people immigrate to a new country to escape political or religious persecution.迫害 4. Rather than immigrants, the early settlers 移居者 from Great Britain considered themselves colonists 移民; they had left home to settle new land for the mother country. 5. The so-called great immigration, which can be divided into three stages 阶段, or time periods , began about 1830 and lasted till about 1930. 6. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the eighteenth century, caused widespread unemployment as machines re-placed workers. 7. The scarcity 缺乏 of farmland in Europe caused many people to immigrate to the united states, where farmland was more abundant. 8. Land in the United States was plentiful and available when the country was expanding 扩张的 westward. In fact, the U.S government offered free public land to citizens in 1862. 9. The failure of the Irish potato crop in the middle of the nineteenth century caused widespread starvation 10. The great depression of the 1930s and World War II contributed to the noticeable decrease in immigration after1930. 11. The first law that limited the number of immigrants coming from a certain part of the world was the Chinese exclusion act of 1882. 12. It is important to note that in 1965 strict quotas 限额 based on nationality were eliminated. 13. At the end of the 1940s, immigration began to increase again and has, in general, risen steadily since then. 14. Will the trend continue for non-Europeans to immigrate to the United States? 15. The u.s immigration laws of today in general require that new immigrants have the skills necessary to succeed in the United States because industry no longer numbers of unskilled workers. 第三单元 1. As we look at the changes over the last century, well use a lot of statistics to describe these changes. 2. While the number of people in these goods producing industries went down, the number of people in the service industries went up. 3. Over the years, child labor laws became much stricter and by1999, it was illegal for anyone under sixteen to work full-time in any of the fifty states. 4. In 1900 the average per capita income was $4,200. 5. One of the important benefits most workers received later in the century was health insurance 6. Whereas wages and salaries rose over the century, the average workweek drooped. 7. People often tend to romanticize 使浪漫化的 the past and talk about “the good old days”. 8. According to a 2003 study released by the United Nations international labor organization, u.s workers are the most productive 多产的 in the world. 9. Longer working hours in the United States is a rising trend, whereas the trend in other industrialized countries is the opposite. 10. Workers in some European countries actually out produce American workers per hour of work. 11. This higher rate of productivity might be because European workers are less stressed 紧张的 than u.s. workers. 12. Between 1949 and 1974, increased in productivity were matched by increase in wages. 13. After 1974, productivity increased in manufacturing and services, but real wages stagnated 停 滞 14. According to a recent book, the money goes for salaries to CEOs, to the stock market, and to corporate profits. 15. Some people say that labor unions have lost power since the beginning of the 1980s, and that the government has passed laws that favor 偏爱 the rich and weaken the rights of the workers. 第 4 单元 1、A hundred years ago, one heard the same comments about the family that one hears today-in short, that the American family is disintegrating 解体，瓦解. 2、Pr