九上九上 Unit3 单词释义单词释义allow allowance n. allowable adj.l To let do or happen; permit:准许，容许：准许：We allow smoking only in restricted areas.l To permit the presence of:允许的进入：No pets are allowed inside.allow+(名)/doing: Ill never allow such behavior.allow+(名)人+to do: My parents wont allow me to stay out late.piercepiercing adj. piercingly adv.（副词）（常与 with 连用）刺穿；戳入The man pierced it with a knife.The needle pierced the material.licensen. 执照；许可证a license to drive a car 驾驶汽车的执照The policeman asked to see his driving license.警察要求看他的驾驶执照。vt.准许；发给执照；批准We are sure that these purchases will soon be licensed.我们相信订货不久可得到批准。注意在美语中名词和动词均为 license,而在英语中 license 是动词，而名词则为licence。sillysil.li.er， sil.li.est sillily adv. silliness n.be silly to do=it is silly +of +人to doYou are silly to spend so much on clothes.=Its silly of you to spend so much money on clothes.earring通常用复数形式 She wore golden earrings.她戴金耳环。instead ofprep.（介词）In place of; rather than:代替；宁愿：ordered chicken instead of fish.点了鸡而不是鱼stay up 熬夜 stay on 续留；不走 stay away from 离开某人; 缺席 stay out 在外过夜strictbe strict with 对于严格 First of all, you must be strict with yourself.in the strict sense of word 严格说来 concentratel 集中（注意力、思想等+on）Concentrate on your work.集中精神工作。A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.l 集中于某处；使集中于一点concentrate rays of light into a focusIndustrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.volunteervt., vi.（常与 to 连用）自愿去做，主动请求去做 We all volunteered to paint the house.（常与 for 连用）作为志愿者，志愿参军 volunteer for the armyn. 常与 for 连用, 表“对的（自愿）” Are there volunteers for the event?locallocally adv.） localness n.adj. 某地的特别是自己所居住的local news 当地新闻 local customs 某地特有的风俗 local government 地方政府n.c. 通常用复数形式 locals, 本地人，当地居民local color 地方色彩 local time 当地时间performper-彻底，完全+form 形状。造成完全的形状即为完成，执行performance n. perform a trick 表演特技 perform ones promise 履行承诺perform， execute 5eksikju:t， accomplish E5kCmpliF， achieve E5tFi:v， effect i5fekt， fulfill ful5fil， discharge dis5tFB:dV 这些动词都表示执行以完成。l Perform 是采取某行动、任务或步骤；通常暗含对适当形式的遵守或技艺或小心的执行：The orchestra and chorus performed an Easter oratorio. 乐团和合唱队表演了复活节圣乐。l Execute 暗指根据计划或设计来完成任务或使某事产生影响：execute the terms of a will 执行遗嘱l Accomplish 暗示成功地完成某事，常指需要坚韧与才能来完成的事：“Make one brave push and see what can be accomplished in a week” (Robert Louis Stevenson). “做一次勇敢的尝试看看一周后能获得什么” （罗伯特路易丝史蒂文森）。l Achieve 尤指通过努力或克服困难而获得某物； 本词常意指重大的结果：“Some are born great . . . Some achieve greatness . . . And some have greatness thrust upon them” (Shakespeare). “一些人天生伟大一些人取得英名而一些人则具有强加于他们的伟大” （莎士比亚）。l Effect 指某因素造成预定结果的力量：The new manager effected several changes in the company.新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。l Fulfill 指达到某期望或满足某要求、愿望或需求： It is unrealistic to hope that all ones desires can be fulfilled. 希望自己的所有欲望都得到满足是不现实的。She fulfilled her obligations7Cbli5eiFEnn.义务, 职责 to her parents.她尽了自己对父母的责任。 primaryadj. more, most primarily adv.l 主要的；首要的 a matter of primary importance 头等重要大事l 根本的，原始的无比较级变化the primary meaning of a wordl 初级的，初等的无比较级变化primary educationmaterialn. c/ul 素材，材料for： material for a comedy 喜剧的素材l 用具、设备用复数：writing materials 书写工具raw material 原料Plastic is a widely used material. 塑料是使用广泛的材料。adj.spirituall 物质的 material civilization 物质文明l 决定性的，关键的有比较级变化material evidence 5evidEns证据, 证物chat谈天；闲聊withn. An informal, light conversation to have a chat 闲聊v. The two friends sat in a corner and chatted away about their vacation plan.两个朋友坐在角落里闲聊假期安排。chatter5tFAtE ：喋喋不休的谈speak: 演说相关词汇：babble5bAbl：呀呀学语 talk：谈论或讨论，说服某人做事 prattle 5prAtl：说孩子气的话, 说半截话, 闲聊gossip5Csip：流言蜚语；背后议论人长短 lecture5lektFE：学术演讲，训诫, 说教lifestyle相关词组：lifetime 一生lifelike 逼真的lifeboat 救生船lifeless 无生气的the latest style 最新流行样式a friendlier style 更亲切的态度out of style 过时in a formal style 正式的文体includeinclusive adj. including prep. inclusion n. exclude反 contain 同include， comprise， comprehend， embrace， involve, contain这些动词都有把某事物包括进另一些大的事物，使之成为其一部分的意思。l Include 和 comprisekEm5praIz 均指把人或事物包括进去并成为其组成的部分。 l Comprise 通常指所有的成分都是固定的：The book comprises (that is, consists of or is composed of) 15 chapters. 这本书有（意思是由组成） 15 章。 l Include 和其余的几个词语一样，更多是指不完全的纳入：The price will include an amount for postage in my payment. 我的付款将包含邮费。l Comprehend 7kCmpri5hend 和 embraceim5breis 通常指纳入一些附属性的成分： The study of art comprehends both aesthetic and intellectual considerations. 艺术学习中既包括美学，又包括知识的学习。No single theory can embrace and explain every facet of human behavior. 没有一种理论能包括并阐释人类行为的每个方面。l Involvein5vClv 通常作为一种逻辑推理的结果或必需条件而被包括进去：All the children were involved in the school play.所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。l Contain kEn5tein 表示包含或拥有（某物）以作为一部分或一组分：This drawer contains all the cutlery5kQtlEri we own. 这个抽屉里盛放着我们所有的刀叉餐具。stuffn. u.口语中指不知名字的情形或不需要清楚说出来的东西或事情l 材料；物品 green stuff 蔬菜l 原料；物质 Theres some