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目的状语从句1.目的 状语 从句:从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的。2.表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导;3.目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would 等情态动词。例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 4.引导目的状语从句常用的连 词 有:that(以便) , so that(以便) ,in order that ( 为了;以便) ,Lest(免得;唯恐) , for fear that(生怕;以免) 。5.Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you. 大声说,以便大家都能听到你。I am telling you that lest you should make a mistake. 我告诉你这一点,以免你搞错。学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点:(1) 目的状语从句中常含有can,could,may,might,should 等情态动词。I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早,目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。(2) 在口语中so 可以引导目的状语从句。Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我们坐的靠前一点,因此,我们听得清楚一点。【注意】 in order that 与 in order to 的区别:in order that+ 从句in order to+动词原形( in order to 后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句,叫目的状语)目的状语从句的一个特点:由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态 ,比如上面两句中的could。1) so that / such .that 该句式中重要考查的是so 和 such的区别。应注意以下可能出现的结构:so nice a boy that such a nice boy that so beautiful/diligent/carefully that such (fine weather/great improvement) that 2) so that :Everyone lend a hand, so that the sowing was done in time. 该句式中主要考查so that 与其它短语的区别,由于 so that也可以引导目的状语从句,同学们应特别注意从句中时态的运用。3) so much so that 该结构用于形容词或副词之后,表示“到如此程度以致于“。如: He was very weak, so much so that he could not walk. I long to visit Beijing, so much so that I dream about it every night. 4) 注意结构状语从句与too .to.enough to , so as to结构的不同。结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat 引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so 和such 与其后的词的搭配规律。比较:so 和 such 其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people ( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such 搭配。)s o that与 such that之间的转换既为so 与 such 之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school 用法结果状语 从句 的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,通常位于主句之后。以下逐一介绍高考中常见的引导结果状语从句的词:1. so that 可以引导 目的状语从句, 也可以引导结果状语从句。例如:He worried so that he couldn t sleep.他急得睡不着。(so that 引导结果状语从句) / It was very cold, so that the river froze. 天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。 (so that 引导结果状语从句) / I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.我赶早来上课,以便早点看到我旁边的同学。(so that 引导目的状语从句) 2. 表示 “ 如此 以致 ” 的“ so. that.”和“ such. that.”均可引导结果状语从句,其 中的 such 是形容词,修饰名词;so 是副词,修饰形容词或副词,具体的搭配形式是:(1) so adj./adv. that ”, “ so adj.(a/an)n.that ”;(2) “ such(a/an)(adj.)n.that ”。如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,可用 so (adj./adv.) as to 取代该结果状语从句,注意体会以下例句:The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take. 天气恶劣,以致难以拍出来好照片。/ He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient. 他是如此热心,以至于他为病人打电话叫了出租车。/ How could you be so stupid as to believe him? 你怎么这么笨,竟相信了他的话?让步状语从句让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种,其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为 “ 尽管 ” 或“ 即 使” ,就是我们日常生活中用的“ 退一步说 ” 的感觉。使用的连词引导让步状语从句的连词 主要有以下这些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever 用法( 1)though, although表示 “ 虽然,纵然” 之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though 较常使用, although 比 though 正式,二者都可与 yet, still 或 never,the less 连用, 但不能与but 连用。 例如:Although/Though he was exhausted, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。值得注意的是, although 引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though 引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习,考试却及格了。( 2) as, though表示 “ 虽然 但是 ” , “ 纵使 ”之意。as 引导的让步 状语 从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语 、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although 不可以这样用。例如:Object as you may, I ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I ll go.) 纵使你反对,我也要去。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快,你也不能这么快读完这本书。( 3)even if, even though 表示 “ 即使 ”,“ 纵使 ”之意,含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if 引导的让步从句 含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而 even though 引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实, 表示已经发生了的事。例如:We ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) 即使他很穷,但她还是爱他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.) 尽管他很穷,但她还是爱她。( 4)whether.or.表示 “ 不论是否”,“ 不管是 还是 ”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙, 都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, its true. 无论你是否相信,这都是真的。( 5) “ no matter+疑 问 词 ” 或 “ 疑 问 词 -ever ” 的 含 义 为 “都 ; 不管 都 ”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whate
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