魔法英语语法第魔法英语语法第 10 章定语从句章定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词， 用来修饰主句中 的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行 词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词 和定语从句之间起连接作用的 词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。它们分别代替前面的先 行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 Awho 指人，在定语从句中作主语。What was the name of the man who lent you the money 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词 the man）He who laughs lst laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词 he）The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词 the chairman） Bwhom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom 可省略或可用 who 来代替， 但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用 whom。There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词 people, others）The people whomwho I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词 the people）Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中 不能用 who 代替 whom）Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用 who） Cwhose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget. 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词 people）I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词 trees）Dwhich 1指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。English is a language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）This is a folk song which is now very popular. 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）The river which flows through London is the Thames. 流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词 which 作 makes 的宾语，可以省略)2which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于 and this。Jim passedhis driving test, which surprised everybody. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是 the driving test）Sheila couldnt come to the party, which was a pity. 希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是 the party）3which 在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。John stayed here for a week, dring which time we visited the West Lake together.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。It might snow this weekend, in which case we wont go to Beijing. 周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。 Ethat 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语 （做宾语时常可省略）。He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词 the man，作主语）I dont like stories that have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词 stories，作主语）The dress (that) Ann boughtdoesnt fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词 the dress，that 作宾语可省略）Is there anything (that) I can do for you 有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词 anything，that 作宾语，可省略） 提示：在口语中，that 有时还可以作关系副词，相当于 when 或介词+which 结构。We left the day (that) he arrived. 他来的那一天，我们就走了。（that 替 when）He doesnt see things the way (that) we see them. 他看问题的方法和我们不一样。（that 代替 in which）Imagine the speed (that) he drives his car! 很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that 代替 at which） F其他关系代词as 和 but 也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。 1asas 可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 在限制性定语从句中，as 可跟在由 suc, so, the same 修饰的先行词之后。Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as 在定语从句中作 heard 的主语）Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as 在定语从句中作 tell 的宾语）He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as 在定语从句中 lift 的宾语）比较：在 the sameas 结构中，as 也可用 that 代替。但严格地说，the sameas 强调相同，the samethat 注重同一。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as 指的是与先行词相似的同类事物）She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that 指的是与先行词同一事物） 在非限制性定语从句中，as 可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前 或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。He is from the outh, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。 必背：一些由 as 引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。as is known to all这是众所周知的as has been said before如前所说 as is often the case情况常常如此 as may be imagined这可以想象得出 as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样 as often happens这种情况常常发生 2butbut 作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意思的主句连用，相当于 thatnot, whonot 或 whichnot。There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more. 我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。（but = whonot ） There are very few but are against war 很少人不反对战争。（but = whonot）G介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词 whom, which 在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间 （that, who 不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修 饰的先行词。He is a man of rich experience, from whom much canbe learned. = He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。The school in which he once worked is a key school. =The school (which that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。The manager in whosecompany I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company Im working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2介词+关系代词的常见结构介词+whichwhomThis is the famous singerabout whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. 很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。名词+of+ whichwhomPlease pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的