Multiple Choice (1) The attachment site for RNA polymerase in bacteria is called the: a. Initiator b. Operator c. Promoter d. Start codon (2) The specificity of bacterial RNA polymerase for their promoters is due to which subunit? a. b. c. d. (3) The first protein complex to bind to the core promoter for a protein-coding gene in eukaryotes is; a. RNA polymerase II b. General transcription factor TFIIB c. General transcription factor TFIID d. General transcription factor TFIIE (4) Which modification must be made to RNA polymerase II in order to activate the preinitiation complex? a. Acetylation b. Methylation c. Phosphorylation d. Ubiquitination (5) What is the name of the DNA sequence that is located near the promoter of the lactose operon, and which regulates expression of the operon in E. coli? a. Activator b. Inducer c. Operator d. Repressor (6) Which of the following types of sequence module enables transcription to respond to general signals from outside of the cell? a. Cell-specific modules b. Developmental modules c. Repression modules d. Response modules (7) Which of the following is NOT a type of activation domain? a. Acidic domains b. Glutamine-rich domains c. Leucine-zipper domains d. Proline-rich domains (8) Which of the following is NOT a experiment used to define the site on a DNA molecule to which a protein binds? a. Gel retardation assay b. DNA footprinting assay c. Modification interference assay d. Yeast two hybrid assay (9) Which of the following DNA sequences can increase the rate of transcription initiation of more than one gene/promoter? a. Activators b. Enhancers c. Silencers d. Terminators (10) Approximately how many base pairs form the attachment between the DNA template and RNA transcript during transcription? a. 8 b. 12-14 c. 30 d. The entire RNA molecule remains base-paired to the template until transcription is finished. (11) Which factor is thought to be most important in determining whether a bacterial RNA polymerase continues or terminates transcription? a. Nucleotide concentration b. Structure of the polymerase c. Methylation of termination sequences d. Thermodynamic events (12) What is the role of the Rho protein in termination of transcription? a. It is a helicase that actively breaks base pairs between the template and transcript. b. It id s DNA-binding protein that blocks the movement of RNA polymerase along the template. c. It is a subunit of RNA polymerase that binds to RNA hairpins and stalls transcription. d. It is a nuclease that degrades the 3 ends of RNA transcripts. (13) Antitermination is involved in regulation of which of the following? a. Operons encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids with regulation dependent on the concentration of the amino acids. b. Operons encoding enzymes involved in the degradation of metabolites, regulation dependent on the presence of the metabolite c. Genes present in the upstream region of the operon d. Genes present in the downstream region of the operon. (14) What is the major transcriptional change that occurs during the Stringent Response in E. coli? a. Transcription rates are increased for most genes. b. Transcription rates are increased only for the amino acid biosynthesis operons. c. Transcription rates are decreased for most genes. d. Transcription rates are decreased only for the amino acid biosynthesis operons. (15) Which of the following is necessary for the RNA endonuclease activity of RNA polymerase that occurs when RNA polymerase is stalled during transcription? a. Rho b. RelA c. GreA d. RNAse H (16) How is the lariat structure formed during splicing of a GU-AG intron? a. After cleavage of the 5 splice site, a new phosphodiester bond is formed between the 5 nucleotide and the 2 carbon of the nucleotide at the 3 splice site. b. After cleavage of the 5 splice site, a new phosphodiester bond is formed between the 5 nucleotide and the 2 carbon of an internal adenosine. c. After cleavage of the 5 splice site, a new phosphodiester bond is formed between the 5 nucleotide and the 2 carbon of the nucleotide at the 5 splice site. d. After cleavage of the 3 splice site, a new phosphodiester bond is formed between the 5 nucleotide and the 2 carbon of an internal adenosine. (17) What are cryptic splice sites? a. These are splice sites that are used in some cells, but not in others. b. These are splice sites that are always used. c. These are splice sites that are involved in alternative splicing, resulting in the removal of exons from some mRNA molecules. d. These are sequences within exons or introns that resemble consensus splicing signals, but are not true splice sites. (18) What statement correctly describes trans-splicing? a. The order of exons within an mRNA transcript is rearranged to yield a different mRNA sequence. b. Exons are deleted from some mRNA transcripts but not others. c.