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Efficiency Improvement by Selective Emitter Solar CellsEfficiency Improvement by Efficiency Improvement by Selective Emitter Solar CellsSelective Emitter Solar CellsDr. Jianhua ZhaoDr. Jianhua Zhao Vice Chairman,President and Chief ScientistVice Chairman,President and Chief Scientist China SunergyChina Sunergy Nanjing, ChinaNanjing, ChinaThe Structure of Selective Emitter CellsMetal gridRear metalSE Cell StructureOptimization of Screen Printed Solar CellsFor emitter contactFor light collectionEmitter sheet ResistanceParameter OptimizationFor emitter contactFor light collectionEmitter sheet ResistanceCell efficiencyOptimization of Screen Printed Solar CellsCell PerformanceCell efficiencyFor emitter contactFor light collectionEmitter sheet ResistanceCell efficiencySE cell OptimizationCell PerformanceCell No.VocIscFFEffic.Pmpp(mV)(A)(%)(%)(W)1625.65.36478.617.72.6372627.35.33478.617.72.6303628.25.33378.717.82.6384625.65.35878.517.72.632The electrical performance of 125mm X 125mm mono c-Si SE cells, as measured by Fraunhofer Institute of Solar Energy Systems, under STC 1000W/m2, AM1.5 global spectrum, at 25C.Electrical Performance of SE CellsThe illustrated diagram is cited from the testing report of Fraunhofer ISE. A = 148.81 cm2Voc = 628 mVIsc = 5.33 AFF = 78.7 %Effic. = 17.8 %PMPP= 2.638 WThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsExcellent electrical performance of SE cellsThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsExcellent electrical performances of SE cellsDue to the light diffusion on the illuminated emitter area, the SE Cells demonstrated very higher Voc and IscDue to the heavy diffusion on the metal contact area, the SE Cells demonstrated excellent high FFV oc, VV oc, V0.6150.620.6250.630100200300400500Isc, AIsc, A5.255.35.355.45.450100200300400500FF, %FF, %7677787980810100200300400500Excellent electrical performances of SE cellsThe energy conversion efficiencies of SE cells are between 17.0% and 18.0% , the average efficiency is around 17.5 % . When these SE Cells were encapsulated into modules , they produced power as high as 185 W . SE Cells have very high Rsh, and very low reverse current density.E ffi ci encyE ffi ci ency0.170.1750.180.1850100200300400500R sh, O hmR sh, O hm01002003004005006000100200300400500Irev(-12V ), AIrev(-12V ), A00.10.20.30.40.50100200300400500The Achievements obtained from SE CellsThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsVery low reverse currentThe reverse current of cells made by high quality wafers (125mm*125mm) were extremely low. Mostly the reverse current was in the range of 20mA to 30mA. And even when the wafers quality are relatively poor, the reverse current were merely 100mA to 200mA.Excellent performance under low lighting , low hot spot effectThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsExcellent electrical performances of SE cellsThe low degradation under the sunlight exposure According to the preliminary testing, the degradation of the power output from the SE Cell before encapsulation was less than 1.5%, this degradation is much less than conventional cells:The Achievements obtained from SE CellsThe Achievements obtained from SE Cells0501001502002503005.085.105.125.145.165.185.205.225.245.26Photon irradiation time (mins)Isc (A)SE-E1SE-C1SE-A1SE-S10.78%0.38%0.55%0.62%(a)050100150200250300625626627628610611617618625626627628Photon irradiation time (mins)SE-S10.31%SE-E10.20%(b)SE-C10.17%Voc (mV)SE-A10.21%05010015020025030016.116.216.316.416.516.616.716.816.917.017.117.217.317.417.5bad pointPhoton irradiation time (mins)Eff (%)SE-E1SE-C1SE-A1SE-S1(c)bad point1.30%1.89%1.50%1.46%05010015020025030077.077.277.477.677.878.078.278.478.678.879.079.279.4Photon irradiation time (mins)FFSE-E1SE-C1SE-A1SE-S1(d)0.77%bad point1.89%1.5%1.46%The Advantages during the manufacturing of SE Cells. Not picky at wafer qualities. The average energy conversion efficiency was always higher than 16.8% from the cells made of relatively poor quality wafersThe average energy conversion efficiency were between 17.5% and 18% from the cells made of high quality wafers. Uniform cell performance with stable processing control. The process is relatively easy to controlThe Achievements obtained from SE CellsThe Achievements obtained from SE Cells? SE cells have been successfully applied into commercial production and reached full capacity within a couple of weeks.? The first production line was established in China Sunergy in mid November, 2007. the cell performances from the production line are better than the cell from trial production within one week since production commence. ? The daily production is 20 thousand cells before the end of November. China Sunergy produced 2MW SE Cells with the energy conversion efficiency higher than 17% in 2007.? China Sunergy will have five SE Cell production lines in August, 2008, and will provide our customers with mo
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