Lily: College English - Reading Skills: meaning deducing Page 1 Lily ZouCollege English Dept.WUST. 1Page阅读理解猜词技巧阅读理解猜词技巧出题者尽管是按照大纲规定的词汇范围命题，对超纲词汇用汉语注出，但对应试者个人来说，仍然还会遇到命不少的生词，尤其是那些影响对整篇文章理解的生词。生词不仅是一个拦路虎，而且给考生增加了精神压力。学会和运用科学的猜词技巧和方法很重要。以下从八方面谈谈阅读理解的猜词技巧（词缀法除外）： 一、一、根据上下文线索上下文线索猜词。 某些生词的意义可以利用已知词汇的信息和未知词汇信息之间的联系以及生词前后的表述的启发，弄清其意义。如： The womans feet hurt，so she went to a podiatristpodiatrist 句子的前半部分说“这位妇女的脚受了伤” ，受了伤怎么办，去看医生，脚受了伤，自然要去看 podiatrist（足病医生） 。【CET- 200214】Lawyers can specilize in “elder law, “ which covers everything from trusts to. Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elderly market.” Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerongerontologytology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a licence to print money,” one professor says.二、利用语义相反、对照信息语义相反、对照信息猜词。 （SynonymySynonymy andand AntonymyAntonymy）有时文章在描述两件事物的不同特征时，使用了截然相反的词，形成鲜明的对照，这时可以给读者以暗示，从而猜出生词的意思。如： 【CET-4 981】Also, parents should realize that “ example is better than preceptprecept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach, their children may grow Lily: College English - Reading Skills: meaning deducing Page 2 Lily ZouCollege English Dept.WUST. 2Pageconfused例 1：The major points of your plan are clear to me，but the details are still hazy 计划的要点清楚，而细节 hazy，显然和 clear 的意思相反，为“模糊”或“迷惑”的意思。 例 2：Unlike her gregarious sister，Jane is a shy，unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends Jane 是一个腼腆而不善交际的人，和她的姐姐的性格恰恰相反，那么gregarious（sociable 爱交际的）的意思就迎刃而解了。 三、利用主语和表语（下定义）主语和表语（下定义）的关系猜词。 “系表结构”的句子有两种表意功能，一是表语说明主语的形状或特征，二是表语和主语是同位关系，即表语的内容等于主语的内容。后者往往是猜词的最好线索。如： 例 3：InsomniaInsomnia is the inability of fall asleep or sleep restlessly 表语的意思是“不能入睡或睡不着” ，那么主语 insomnia 无疑就是“失眠”了。解释的部分经常带有由 who, which, that 引导的从句.例 4: A conditionerconditioner is a system that keeps air in a place cool or warm.Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.四、举例。举例。常常用来举例的短语：such as, suchas, for example, for Lily: College English - Reading Skills: meaning deducing Page 3 Lily ZouCollege English Dept.WUST. 3PageinstanceMotel owners are forced to provide more and more for the guests comfortcomfort - such things as free parking, telephone service, a bathroom, a desk, and easy chairs in every room.五、利用注释性词语注释性词语猜词。 （Rephrasing） 所谓注释性词语，就是一些为进一步补充说明前述内容而承上启下的过渡性词语，如：that is（to say） ，in other words，ie ，including，meaning，namely，等。如： 【CET-200012】BentBent stripesstripes, called chevrons (人字型) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.例 4：Pedant，in other words，denotes a person who lays too much stress on booklearning，technical knowledge，rules，and adherence to rules 通过 in other words（换句话说）引起的下文是解释 pedant 的意思，根据下文阐述的内容“太注重书本知识，墨守成规的人” ，那就是“书呆子”或“学究” 。 例 5：Newspaper headlines are short，for example， “gemsgems” meaning “jewels” ；“bidbid” in the sense of “attempt” meaning 后面的词就是其前面的词的意思；bid 就是 attempt 的意思。例 6: If this happen to you, you may have what is called a phobiaphobia - an overwhelming fear of some thing or situation.Lily: College English - Reading Skills: meaning deducing Page 4 Lily ZouCollege English Dept.WUST. 4Page六、利用同位语同位语的功能猜词。 同位语是对中心词的诠释和说明，利用这一点，可以弄清生词的意思。如： 例 7：The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringersringers” ，students who take test for other students 同位语 students who take test for other students（替他人考试）是对“ringers 作解释的，因此 ringers（代考者）的意思就不难悟出了。 例 8：For several years，scientists have been testing a substance called interferon，a potential wonder drug that is proven to be effective in treating a variety of ailments，including virus infections，bacteria infections，and tumors同位语 a potential wonder drug and tumors 是解释什么叫 interferon的，根据句意说 interferon 是一种对病毒感染，细菌感染和肿瘤治疗有效的奇药，至少我们会猜出它是一种罕见的药物，如果对医药比较关心，就可知道它是“干扰素” 。如果善于运用构词知识，把它和 interfere（干扰）联系起来考虑，那就更好了。 七、利用定语从句定语从句的功能猜词。 定语从句也是修饰和说明中心词的，根据其提供的信息，也不失为一种猜词的好方法。如： 例 9：ProcrastinatorsProcrastinators are people who have a chronic habit of putting things off，usually until the last minute and sometimes until it is too late altogether定语从句 who have a chronic habit altogether 是说 procrastinatorLily: College English - Reading Skills: meaning deducing Page 5 Lily ZouCollege English Dept.WUST. 5Page是一种具有推迟办事的缓慢习气的人，通常拖到最后时刻，有时甚至误了大事，我们不难猜出该词为“办事拖拉的人” 。 例 10：Headlines often contain relatively unusual words like “blazeblaze” which i