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甘肃省英语语法考点夯实 第29讲 非谓语动词 【名题实战】1Most students spend too much time _ computer games.(2014,毕节)Aplaying Bplay Cplays Dplayed2Thanks for _ me with my science.(2014,泸州)Ahelp Bto helpChelping Dyour help3Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life.(2014,泰安)Asave Bsaving Cto save Dsaves4Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes,but I try to make myself _.(2014,咸宁)Ato speak;understood Bspeaking;understandCto speak;to understand Dspeaking;understoodACDC5She used to _ a bus to school,but now she is used to _ to school.(2014,南充)Ataking;walk Btake;walkCtaking;walking Dtake;walking【考点梳理】中考对非谓语动词 的考查主要有:1动名词和动词 不定式作主语;2动名词和动词 不定式作表语,宾语 ;3动词 不定式作宾语补 足语;4动词 不定式作目的状语;5固定短语搭配。近年来甘肃各地市对该 考点越发重视,所以考生必须牢牢掌握该知识点并要学会分析句子成分,这样 才能顺利答题,取得高分。D高频考向一 不定式1构成:to动词原形,即:to do形式。其否定形式为: not to do。如:The teacher tells me (not) to play the computer games after school.老师告诉我放学后(不要)玩电脑游戏。2动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句 中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补 足语、定语和状语。作主语To help the old is our duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。注意:动词不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往 用it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词 之后。“Its adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)” 。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词,常用的有 good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(好的),polite(有礼貌的), clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心 的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。如 :Its kind of you to help me.你帮了我,你真好。“Its adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说 ”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的),easy(容易的), hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有用 的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的)等。如:Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说,爬上那 个高树是危险的。作表语To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着,但活着并不是为 了吃饭。作宾语常接不定式作宾语 的动词 有:decide(决定),expect(期望),forget(忘记), hope(希望),pretend(假装),try(尽力)等。如:I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。作宾语补 足语常接不定式作宾语补 足语的动词 有:ask(要求),tell(告诉),want(想要), teach(教),wish(希望),help(帮助),warn(警告),invite(邀请),encourage( 鼓励)等。如:Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量 调小点。She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.当她出去的时候,她叫 我接电话。作定语动词 不定式作定语时 ,常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语,且被修饰 的名词与不定式的动词 有动宾 关系或介宾关系。如:He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾)He has no friends to talk with.他没有可以与之交谈的朋友。(介宾)注意:当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词 习惯 省去。如:He had no place to live (in)他没地方住。有些名词常用不定式作后置定语。如:a chance to go to school上学的机会no time to think about rest没时间考虑休息a way to learn (of learning) English学习英语的一种方法作状语They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)他们跑过来欢迎我们。 Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果)保罗激动得说不出话来。 Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉打扰你。 注意:有些动词 不定式在使用时,要省去to。具体有: 在动词 let,feel,see,look at,watch,have,make,notice,hear等动词 后,动词 不定式作宾语时 ,要省略to。但在变被动语态时 ,省略的to要加 上。如: I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在敲门。 We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。 I dont know which one to choose.我不知道该选哪一个。 The question is who to go.问题是谁去。在would you please,had better,why not,would rather等结构的句型后 ,要用不带to的不定式。如:Would you please make your bed?请整理下你的床,好吗?Youd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。3特殊疑问词 动词 不定式能接不定式的疑问词 有:what,which,how,who,when,where等。 它们可以在句中作主语、宾语 和表语。如:I dont know what to do.我不知该做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做这事。I dont know which one to choose.我不知道该选哪一个。The question is who to go.问题是谁去。【例1】 How kind you are!You always do what you can _ others.Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help解析:动词不定式作状语。句意为“你总是尽你所能来帮助别人”。答案:_【例2】 My parents often tell me_too much junk food because its bad for my health.Anot eating Bnot to eatCeating Dto eat解析:tell sb.(not) to do sth.意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”,动词不定式做 宾语;由原因状语从句的句意“因为它对我的健康不利”可知,此处应用 动词不定式的否定形式。答案:_DB【例3】 Why are you so excited today?We were told _ a picnic this weekend.Ahave Bto have Chaving Dhad解析:答语是一个被动语态的句子,结合选项内容可知句意为“我们被告知这个周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth. 意为“告诉某人做某事”,其被动形式为(sb.)be told to do sth.。答案:_C【例4】 Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?_abroad for further study.AGo BGone CTo go DGoes解析:疑问词why用于提问原因,动词不定式结构可用来表 示目的,回答原因。答案:_【例5】 Students should learn how _ problem.Asolve Bsolving Ccan solve Dto solve解析:“特殊疑问词动词不定式”在句中作宾语。答案:_CD高频考向二 动名词动名词具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用。(主语)My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。(表语)She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。(宾语 )There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。(定语)注意:1.初中阶段常见的接动名词的动词 或动词 短语有:enjoy(喜欢), finish(完成),keep(保持),practice(练习),mind(介意),suggest(建议),be busy(忙于);be worth(值得),cant help(禁不住),give up(放弃),be used to(习惯于),stop/prevent/keepfrom(阻止),look forward to(盼望);feel like(想要);be good at(擅长);be interested in(对感兴趣);succeed in( 成功)等。2有些动词 既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语 ,但表达的意思不同。如 : stop doing sth. 停止做某事。stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事。try doing sth. 尝试做某事。try to do sth. 尽力去做某事。forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事。forget to do sth. 忘了要做某事。(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。remember to do sth. 记得要做某事。(未做)need doing sth. 需要做某事。(被动含义)need to do sth. 需要去做某事。(主动含义)【例6】Why not consider _ (do) it in another way?May be youll succeed.(2014,兰州)解析:consider后可接名词、动名词或从句作宾语,意为“考 虑”。不定式不能直接作宾语,只能作复合宾语。答案:_【例7】 Isnt it strange that the cat is u
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