南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文嵌入式实时操作系统C/OS-的研究与应用研究与应用姓名：黄飞飞申请学位级别：硕士专业：计算机应用技术指导教师：章勇20081201南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 I摘 要 嵌入式实时操作系统产生于二十世纪八十年代中期，旨在解决当时越发庞大复杂的嵌入式系统给软件开发人员带来的困难和危机。C/OS-II 作为一款性能优越的实时内核，其实时性能得到了人们的广泛认可。但是鉴于其内核本身存在的一些问题以及缺乏对文件系统和 TCP/IP协议栈的支持，使得 C/OS-II 很难在功能要求复杂的嵌入式系统中一展身手。 本研究课题来源于中国船舶工业综合技术经济研究院和南航计算机系合作开发的实时触发系统项目。本文以此为研究背景，引入 C/OS-II 实时操作系统作为触发系统中网络触发模块的软件平台。 论文的研究与实现主要包括三个部分： 1)详细分析了 C/OS-II 的内核及其工作原理，在此基础上提出了一种改进 C/OS-II 的优先级反转问题的解决方案，很好的解决了 C/OS-II的优先级反转问题。2)实现了一个针对 C/OS-II 和 NandFlash 存储设备的嵌入式文件系统，从而方便了大容量数据的存储和管理。3)完成了 C/OS-II 和 LwIP 网络协议栈的移植，同时开发了基于 LwIP 网络协议栈的嵌入式 Web 服务器，从而支持了基于浏览器的触发模式。 经测试验证， 本文改进并扩展的 C/OS-II 可以成功移植并运行于 S3C44B0X 为嵌入式微处理器的网络触发模块上。 关键词：嵌入式系统，嵌入式实时操作系统，C/OS-II，嵌入式文件系统，LwIP，嵌入式 Web服务器 嵌入式实时操作系统 C/OS-II 的研究与应用 II ABSTRACT The Embedded Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) arose in the middle of 1980s, for resolving difficulties and crises the more and more complex of the Embedded System brought to the software developer. After that，the Embedded System developed a lot. As a kind of excellent RTOS, the real-time capability has been widely reconginzed by the people. But, because of some problems of the kernel, as well as the lack of file system and TCP/IP protocol. Its hard to use the C/OS-II in some difficult Embedded Systems, which need some complex function. This topic comes of the project of the trigger system of Self-destruction, which is the cooperation of Chinas shipbuilding industry Integrated Technical Institute for Economic Research and College of Information Science and Technology， Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. This paper based on the project, we import the C/OS-II as the software platform of this trigger system and the research work of this paper mainly include three parts. Firstly, it made a detailed analysis of the kernel of C/OS-II and its working principles. With this understanding it raised an improved method to solve the priority inversion problem of C/OS-II. Secondly, in order to facilitating the large amount of data storage and management, it achieved an Embedded File System for the C/OS-II and the NandFlash storage device. Thirdly, it finished the transplant of C/OS-II and the LwIP. In additional, this paper also achieved an Embedded Web Server for C/OS-II to support the trigger mode which base on the Browser. After testing，the improved and expanded C/OS-II has been transplanted in the trigger module which based on the S3C44B0X, a kind of Embedded Microcomputer, and running very well on the trigger module. Key Words: Embedded System, Embedded Real-Time Operating System, C/OS-II, Embedded File System, LwIP, Embedded Web Server 嵌入式实时操作系统 C/OS-II 的研究与应用 VI 图表清单 图 2.1 C/OS-II 体系结构.10 图 2.2 C/OS-II 内核文件组织结构.10 图 2.4 就绪表 .14 图 3.1 优先级反转时序图.20 图 3.2 死锁示意图.21 图 3.3 扩展优先级定位字节.22 图 3.5 改进的优先级判定表.24 图 3.6 改进前的运行结果.27 图 3.7 改进后的运行结果.27 图 3.8 改进后的时序图.27 图 4.1 嵌入式文件系统的体系结构.31 图 4.2 块擦除流程.33 图 4.3 页面写操作流程.34 图 4.4 页面读操作流程.34 图 4.5 文件系统逻辑组织结构.35 图 4.6 FAT 簇链原理.37 图 4.7 FAT16 文件目录项的字节分配.39 图 4.8 文件属性位标志.