十、特殊句式考生需要关注的重要特殊句式有: 倒装句、强调调句、省略句、祈使句、反意疑问问句和感叹叹句等。一、倒装句1. 全部倒装(把全部谓语谓语 提到主语语之前)倒装条件倒装方法 以here, there, out, in, up, down, away 等副词词开头头, 谓语动词谓语动词 多为为be, come, go等, 主语语是名词词副词词+谓语谓语 +主 语语以then, now, thus, such开头头, 谓语动谓语动 词词多为为come, follow, begin, end, be, 主 语语是名词词副词词+谓语谓语 +主 语语倒装条件倒装方法表地点的介词词短语语位于句首, 且谓语动词为谓语动词为 不及物动词动词 , 主语语是名词词介词词短语语+谓语谓语 +主语语表语语置于句首, 为为了保持句子平衡, 为为表示强调调, 或利于上下文衔衔接*Out rushed a cat from under the table. *Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. *In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. *Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 2. 部分倒装(助动词动词 /系动词动词 be/情态动词态动词 提到主语语前)倒装条件倒装方法 only修饰饰副词词、介词词短语语或 从句位于句首作状语语Only+助动词动词 /系动词动词 /情态动态动 词词+主语语+谓语谓语 其他部分倒装条件倒装方法 含有否定意义义的副词词或介词词短语语 (not, never, seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until, on no condition, in no case, under no circumstances)位于句首时时否定副词词或介词词短 语语+助动词动词 /系动词动词 / 情态动词态动词 +主语语+谓谓 语语其他部分倒装条件倒装方法hardly. . . when, no sooner. . . than, not only. . . but(also)等连连接 两个分句时时, 如果hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首, 前一个 分句用部分倒装, 后一个分句不变变Hardly/No sooner/ Not only+助动词动词 / 系动词动词 /情态动词态动词 + 主语语+谓语谓语 其他部 分+when/than/ but also+分句倒装条件倒装方法so(such). . . that中的so(such) 位于句首时时So+adj. /adv. +系动词动词 / 助动词动词 /情态动词态动词 +主语语 +谓语谓语 其他部分+that从 句so/neither/nor置于句首, 意为为 “也”或“也不”表示前面所说说 的情况也适用于另一个人或 事物时时so/neither/nor+系动词动词 / 助动词动词 /情态动词态动词 +主语语倒装条件倒装方法as引导让导让 步状语语从句时时, 意为为“尽 管”, 把句中状语语、表语语或动词动词 提 前; 若表语语是名词词, 其前不用冠词词当if引导导的虚拟拟条件从句中含有 助动词动词 had, were或should等时时, 如将if省略, 则则要将had, were或 should等移到主语语之前Had/Were/Should+ 主语语+谓语谓语 其他部分 +主句*Only in this way can you solve this problem. *Never before have I seen such a moving film. *Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. *So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. *Tom doesnt like bananas, neither/nor do I. 【点津】(1)there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副词词置于句首, 但主语为语为 人称代词时词时 , 不用倒装。(2)only修饰饰主语语置于句首时时, 不能倒装。(3)若两个主语语一致时时, 则则表示同意以上观观点, 不能倒装, 此时时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语语+助动词动词 /系动动词词/情态动词态动词 。(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。(5)Neither. . . , nor. . . “不, 也不”, 连连接两个并列分句时时, 这这两个并列分句都用倒装结结构。(6)though引导让导让 步状语语从句时时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让导让 步状语语从句时时不能倒装。二、强调调句1. 强调调句(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以对对除谓语谓语 以外的成分进进行强调调。当强调调部分为为“人”时时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。*It was Belorussian writer Svetlana Alexievich who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Literature. (2)在强调调句中, 当强调调主语时语时 , 其后的谓语动词应谓语动词应 和主语语在人称和数上保持一致。*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的谓语动词谓语动词 是现现在时时或将来时时, 强调调句结结构须须用: It is. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的谓语动词谓语动词 是过过去时态时态 , 则则强调调句结结构须须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结调结 构为为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。*It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed. (5)强调调句型的一般疑问问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调调部分+that/who+其他成分。*Was it in 1939 that World War broke out? (6)强调调句的特殊疑问问句句型为为: 疑问词问词 +is/was+it +that/who. . . ? *Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 2. 谓语动词谓语动词 的强调调(1)do/does/did+动词动词 原形。*Do come here this evening. (2)“never+助动词动词 do”也常用来表示强调调, 一般意为为“从来没有, 绝绝不”。【点津】强调调句型与3大从句的辨析类类 型区 别别与主语语 从句的 区别别强调调句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子结结构 仍然完整, 而主语语从句却不能 It is there that accidents often happen. (强 调调句) It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语语从句)类类 型区 别别与定语语 从句的 区别别强调调句中that没有意义义, 且不作任何成分, 而 定语语从句中that为为关系代词词, 在从句中充当主 语语、宾语宾语 或表语语 It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调调句) It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语语从句)类类 型区 别别与时时 间间状 语语从句 的区别别强调调句型去掉It is/was和that后, 结结构完整, 而 It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代时间时间 It was at six oclock that I got up today. (强 调调句) It was six oclock when I got up today. (状 语语从句)三、省略句的5种类类型1. 宾语宾语 从句: 引导宾语导宾语 从句的从属连词连词 that可省略。但及物动词动词 后跟两个或两个以上that引导导的宾语宾语 从句时时, 只有第一个连词连词 that可省略。*He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语语, 后面so与not分别别等于肯定和否定, 宾语宾语 从句可省略。*Do you think it will rain? I hope not (that it will not rain). 2. 定语语从句: 在限制性定语语从句中, 关系代词词that, which, whom充当宾语宾语 , 而且前面无介词时词时 可省略。*He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. the way后的定语语从句常省略关系词词that或in which, the time后的定语语从句常省略关系词词that或when。*I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 3. 状语语从句: 当状语语从句的主语语和主句的主语语一致或从句的主语为语为 it, 且从句谓语谓语 中有be动词时动词时 , 可以省略状语语从句中的主语语和be动词动词 。*(2014全国卷)When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 4. 虚拟语拟语 气: 在虚拟拟条件句中, 如含有had, were, should, if可省略, 句子要用倒装。*Were I (=If I were) twenty now, I would join the army. 5. 动词动词 不定式: 不定式符号to的省略: a. 感官动词动词 或使役动词动词 (如feel, see, hear, notice, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补宾语补 足语时语时 省略to。*I heard someone sing in the next room. b. 在do nothing but, cant help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to。*He did nothing but wait all the time. 不定式省略: a. 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid, expe