河南科技大学硕士学位论文初始创业贷款担保产品的开发与风险防范研究姓名：赵阳申请学位级别：硕士专业：企业管理指导教师：席升阳20091201摘要 I论文题目：初始创业贷款担保产品的开发与风险防范研究论文题目：初始创业贷款担保产品的开发与风险防范研究 专 业：企业管理 专 业：企业管理 研 究 生：赵 阳 研 究 生：赵 阳 指导教师：席升阳 教授 指导教师：席升阳 教授 摘 要 摘 要 近年来，在政策扶持和经济发展的前提下，我国的“贷款担保”和“创业”活动异常活跃。“贷款担保”和“创业”这两个问题看似互不相干，其实却存在着紧密的联系，二者在一定程度上可以起到相互促进的作用。目前我国担保机构发展迅速，并逐渐成为一个新兴行业，在促进中小企业融资方面成效显著。但是作为一个新兴行业，担保行业有它自身最为显著的特点，那就是高风险、低收益、产品单一。同时，创业企业在其发展初期存在很高的风险，在针对创业型企业的金融政策及金融安排方面，目前的现实是普遍存在着创业型企业发展中的金融限制问题，处于初始创业阶段的项目或企业更是如此。所以，本文的研究目的是找到一种既可以缓解担保机构高风险、低收益、产品单一的问题，又能够为初创期企业的贷款难寻找出路的方法。本文的主要研究内容和研究方法如下： 1.提出担保产品开发的概念性设计流程。这部分研究主要采用了文献研究法和实地访谈法。 2.对初始创业贷款担保产品进行概念性设计。引入初始创业理论，对处于初始创业阶段的项目或企业进行特点分析，并将分析结果与担保产品开发的概念性设计流程相结合，对初始创业贷款担保产品进行概念性设计。这部分研究主要采用了文献分析法。 3.建立初始创业贷款担保产品的风险综合评价模型。根据本文对担保产品风险因素的分类和对初始创业风险因素的分析，将初始创业贷款担保产品的风险综合评价分为两部分：一是对初始创业项目风险的评价，二是对反担保措施风险的评价。这部分研究主要采用了文献分析法、问卷调查法、SPSS 统计分析法和层次分析法。 4.提出初始创业贷款担保产品的风险防范措施。根据本文对担保产品风险来源的分类，分别从担保产品的开发风险和运作风险两个方面提出相应的初始创业贷款担保产品的风险防范措施。这部分研究主要采用了文献分析法和实地调研法。 摘要 II关 键 词：关 键 词：初始创业，贷款担保，产品开发，风险评价 论文类型：论文类型：应用研究 摘要 IIISubject: Study On Developing Guarantee Product Of New And Start-Up Stage Business Loan And Keeping Away The Products Risk Specialty: Enterprise Management Name: Zhao Yang Supervisor: Xi ShengYang ABSTRACT In recent years, under the policys support and economic development, the activities of our countrys “Financial Guarantee” and “Establish A Business” are remarkably activity. It seems that the two issues are disrelated, but in fact they have close relation. To a degree, the two activities can promote each other.At present,the guarantee companies of our country have rapid development, and evolve as a new business line and have great effect on small or middle business finance. But as a new business line, guarantee companies have their own remarkable characteristic, those are primay risks、low incomes and single products.At the same time, the enterprises at the start-up stage have big risks.Nowadays the common problem is the limit to the new enterprises finance, especially for those new enterprises at their stsrt-up stage. Therefore the purpose of my research is discover a way to solve thus problem of guarantee company and new enterprise at the start-up stage. The main research contents and methods are as follows: 1.Bring out the concept design process of guarantee products.In this part, the author have adopted the methods of literature and interview. 2.Accomplishing the concept design process of guarantee products of new and start-up stage business loan.Adopting the theory of start-up stage of establish a new business, analysising the characteristic of those new enterprises of start-up stage, and combineing the conclusion with the concept design process of guarantee products. Accomplishing the concept design process of guarantee products of new and start-up stage business loan.In this part, the author have mainly adopted the methods of literature. 3.Bring out the risk evalution model of the guarantee products of new and start-up stage business loan. According to the risk factor sort on guarantee products and the risk factor analysis on the new and start-up stage business, the guarantee products 摘要 IVrisk of new and start-up stage business loan could be fall into two parts:one is risk evalution of the item; the other is risk evalution of counterguarantee measures.In this part,the author have adopted the methods of literature、interview、SPSS and AHP. 4.Bring out the risk measurement on guarantee products of new and start-up stage business loan. According to the risk source of guarantee products, bring out the risk measurement on guarantee products of new and start-up stage business loan from twe aspects:development risk and operating risk. In this part, the author have mainly adopted the methods of literature and interview. KEY WORDS: Start-Up Stage Of Establish A New Business， Financial Guarantee， Product Development， Risk Assessment Dissertation Type: Application Research 第 1 章 绪论 1第1章 绪论 第1章 绪论 1.1 研究的目的与意义 研究的目的与意义 近年来，在政策扶持和经济发展的前提下，我国的“贷款担保”和“创业”活动异常活跃。“贷款担保”和“创业”这两个问题看似互不相干，其实却存在着紧密的联系，二者在一定程度上可以起到相互促进的作用。 首先，对贷款担保的扶持已成为各国政府促进经济发展、增加就业机会的通行做法。我国从 1998 年开始启动这项工作。目前，中小企业信用担保机构在全国范围内发展迅速，并逐渐成为一个新兴行业，在促进中小企业融资方面成效显著。但是作为一个新兴行业，担保行业有它自身最为显著的特点，那就是高风险、低收益、产品单一。 同时，为了转变我国的经济增长方式、增加就业机会，各地政府纷纷出台鼓励创业的政策。但创业企业在其发展初期存在很高的风险，在针对创业型企业的金融政策及金融安排方面，目前的现实是普遍存在着创业型企业发展中的金融限制问题。主要表现为：一般的商业银行基本不为创业型企业提供商业贷款和服务；开发性、政策性金融机构的业务基点建立在大型公共设施、基础设施和支柱产业上，服务对象主要是大机构大企业；创业型企业很难实现对权益性投资的资产保证，例如科技型创业企业的无形资产难以成为金融机构的抵押对象；公开资本市场通常只为那些已经进入成熟期或成长末期的企业开放，初创期的企业几乎没有进入的可能。 基于对以上问题的思考，本文将研究目的定为找到一种既可以缓解担保机构高风险、低收益、产品单一的问题，又能够为初创期的中小企业贷款难寻找出路的方法。 本文的研究目的在于： 1.了解当前我国担保机构对担保产品