大家论坛 club.topsage.com大家网 www.topsage.com大家论坛欢迎您！更多四六级资料，请访问 http:/club.topsage.com/forum-58-1.html Part WritingWriting (30(30 minutes)minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title of How I Spend My Summer Vacation, describing how you spend one of your summer vacations in the countryside. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in English: Situation: Students have different ways to spend their summer vacations, and you decide to take your summer vacation with your family in the countryside. Your feeling is quite different from that in the city, so you think about it deeply.Part ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehension (Skimming(Skimming andand Scanning)Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Planning and PeopleIn all kinds of organizations-companies, schools, hospitals, etc. -decisions appear correct in theory but do not work in practice. There are many reasons for this. To illustrate the problems involved we will consider four cases where different decisions have to be taken.Case No. 1The manager of a shipping company was interested in using large metal containers for the companys cargo instead of conventional methods of loading and unloading. He discovered that the use of containers was less expensive and quicker than conventional methods. More cargo could be sent at one time and delays on the way were shorter. The only major disadvantage (apart from the initial cost of the containers) was that not all ships could take them. However, the manager believed that his company could find enough ships for their containers. His plan to use containers was adopted by the board of directors. Unfortunately, however, it was never put into 大家论坛 club.topsage.com大家网 www.topsage.compractice. The dockers heard about the plan and did not like it. The reason was that the containers would make about a quarter of the dockers redundant. The plan was killed.The comparison of containers with conventional methods is shown in the following table. AdvantagesDisadvantagesContainers1. less freight expenses2. quicker delivery3. more cargo can be sent at one time4. shorter delays on the way 1. not all ships can take them2. heavy initial cost Conventionalmethods 1. all ships can use them2. no need to spend money on the containers 1. more freight expenses2. slower delivery3. less cargo can be sent at one time4. longer delays on the way Case No. 2A solar pump was built in a small desert village. The pump used the deserts most common resource-sunlight, to increase its greatest necessity-water. Solar collectors were used to collect the suns rays. Flat collectors can be stationary and do not have moving parts which can be broken in sand storms. The system used the 20 degree centigrade temperature difference between the solar collectors and the ground water to work a gas expansion engine which pumped water from under the ground.Some of the social effects of the new pumps were planned for. Children aged 6 to15 used to bring the water from wells, where they met the old men of the village and received informal education from them. In order to replace this, a school was also included in the project. But the project had not considered the traditional power structure of the village. As soon as the foreign experts left, the two richest men in the village took control of the pump and started selling water to everyone else. The result was that the majority of people were poorer than before.Case No. 3In 1946 there was a program in the Rio Grande valley to substitute hybrid corn for the native corn. The native corn was of poor nutritional quality and gave a poor quantity of grain while the hybrid corn was of excellent quality and gave about three times as large a crop as the native variety. In the first year half of the 84 farmers in the village planted hybrid corn and doubled the corn production. Three years later, however, only three farmers planted hybrid corn. The others were planting the traditional variety. At the beginning of the project the program leader studied the ecology of the area and showed films demonstrating the superiority of the new corn. The farmers agreed that the hybrid corn had great advantages. The size of the crop confirmed these advantages. Why did they stop planting it? The answer was simple: their wives did not like it. They complained that it wasnt good for cooking and they didnt like the flavor.大家论坛