(一) 就近原则：1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right. 3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.【主谓一致现象 】 有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连 接词有 with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including 等。例如： Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。 All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。 No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道 就远原则 代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart fromE.G：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.就远原则What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。（二） 邻近原则(Proximity) 以 eitheror, or, neithernor 和 not onlybut also，whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also 等连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的 主语保持一致。如：Either you or he has to go there with me. 由 there 或 here 引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。就远原则1. as well as； 2.(together/along）with； 3. except; besides； 4. but； 5. including； 6. in addition to； 7. apart from 8. rather than；