请上请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度或上百度,输入输入“沈阳英语家教吴军沈阳英语家教吴军“查询查询!请上请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度或上百度,输入输入“沈阳英语家教吴军沈阳英语家教吴军“查询查询!2013 高三英语语法专题复习讲义高三英语语法专题复习讲义一、名词一、名词 【要点点拨要点点拨】 一.可数名词的复数构成规则:1.规则变化:加-s, -es; 辅音字母加 y 结尾的去 y 加 ies;把 f/ fe 变成 ves;(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes A (2) 缩写,数字,字母等在后面加 s 或s 都可,如: some VIPs (VIPs); in his 50s / 50s; in the 1990s / 1990s; There are two ts in the word “letter”. 2.不规则变化: (1) men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen 等; (2) 单复数形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工厂); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals 等表示种类); (3)只有复数形式:trousers, glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目录); goods; customs(海关); arms(武器); (4)复合名词的复数形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law (5)表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:Chinese / Japanese) B: 把 man 变成 men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加 s (包括 Germans) 一、不可数名词 1.量的表示：用 some / a little / much 等表示数量的词（组）及单位名词（量词） ， 用得较多的有 piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar 等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle 2.不可数名词具体化： These games are great successes; The party was a great success. 二、名词的所有格： 1.表示有生命的名词后加s, 如一样东西为几人共有，则在最后一个名词后加s: Jack and Toms room(两人共有的房间); Jacks and Toms rooms（两人各自的房 间） ；表示无生命的名词的所有格用 of 表示：the windows of the room; (但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加s: Chinas industry; todays paper; ten minutes walk) 2.表示“某人家里”“某店铺”等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词：at my aunts (house); at the doctors (office); go to the chemists (shop); 3.双重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名词+of +.s / 名词性物主代词（表示“部分” 的概念或表示某种感情色彩，如：赞赏、讨厌等） ；请上请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度或上百度,输入输入“沈阳英语家教吴军沈阳英语家教吴军“查询查询!请上请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度或上百度,输入输入“沈阳英语家教吴军沈阳英语家教吴军“查询查询!比较： a friend of her mothers 她母亲的一个朋友（强调她母亲的朋友中的一位，为双 重所有格） a friend of her mother 她母亲的朋友（强调两人间的关系，为 of 所有格） a picture of his brothers(他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张，照片上不一定是他本人) a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一张照片，照片上就是他本人） 三、名词作定语修饰名词：前一个名词表示后一个名词的特点、性质及用途；(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式，复数加在后面主体名词上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式： sales manager; sports meet; 由 man / woman 与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变 复数：men/ women doctors; (2)比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义： a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 装灰尘的袋子/ a dusty bag 布满灰尘的袋子 a chemical change 化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一个化学老师 a gold watch 一只金表(表材质)/ a golden watch 一只金黄色的表 五.英语中”很多”的表达: 只修饰可数名词:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of 只修饰不可数名词: a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of) 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of【各个击破各个击破】 1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _of his advertisement. A. standard B. level C. message D. promise 2.-What do you think of his composition?-Much better, but theres still some _for improvement. A. space B. room C. area D. place 3. Sometimes doctors make higher _ for their work than they should. A. bills B. charges C. costs D. prices 4. The _of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat there still. A. sight B. look C. view D. scene 5.No _ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworking for years. A. problem B. way C. wonder D. matter 6. -How is it that you lost your way?-When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong _. A. way B. direction C. distance D. path请上请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度或上百度,输入输入“沈阳英语家教吴军沈阳英语家教吴军“查询查询!请上请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度或上百度,输入输入“沈阳英语家教吴军沈阳英语家教吴军“查询查询!7. Little Tom asked me for small _ for his _piece, so I gave him _. A. change; ten pennies; ten pence B. changes; ten pennies; ten pence C. change; ten pence; ten pennies D. changes; ten pence; ten pennies 8. Will you please tell me _you are talking about? A. which Zhang Yimous film B. which film of Zhang Yimou C. which film of Zhang Yimous D. zhang Yimous which film 9. The baby broke a _which is made of _just now. A. tea cup; glass B. cup of tea; glass C. teas cup; glasses D. tea cup; glasses 10. Look, Mother has just bought three _ and _. A. fruit; lots of vegetables B. fruits; a number of vegetables C. fruit; a great many of the vegetablesD. fruits; a great amount of vegetables 11. If you get the job youll have to make business _every now and then. A. journeys B. trips C. travels D. voyages 12. I listened to his lecture about biology , but I missed the key _. A. messages B. sense C. notes D. points 13. He is always full of _as though he never knew tiredness. A. strength B. force C. power D. energy 14.There has been a great _