1一一. 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。 The boy who is reading is Tom. Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 二二. 关系词的分类关系词的分类 1、 关系代词关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose 2. 关系副词关系副词 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why 三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法 关系代词关系代词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语 who 指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 The man (who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. whom 指人指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about. whose 指人或物指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。不可省略。 This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake. We live in a house whose windows face south. .2、 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点 (1) that 和和 which 都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下 5 种情况只能用种情况只能用 that 不能用不能用 which。 当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词 all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none 等时。如：等时。如： This is all that I want from the school. 当先行词被当先行词被 only, just, very, right, last 等修饰时。如：等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days. 当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：2The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. (2) that 和和 who 都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用 who。 先行词为先行词为 all, anyone, one, ones 等时。如：等时。如： All who heard the news were excited. 先行词为先行词为 those, he 和和 people 时。如：时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. (3) whose 引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点 whose 引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whose 与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。 whose 引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。 whose 的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替，但语序不同，即代替，但语序不同，即 whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名词。如：名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose 的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用 of whom 代替，但语序不同，即代替，但语序不同，即 whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend. (4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday. 巩固练习：巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子 (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday. The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous in the world.whom that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it. The dress which she is wearing is new.that 巩固练习：巩固练习：2. 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空 1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5. I cant find the book _you lent to me. 四四. 介词介词+which/ whom 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1. 介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则： （1）根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。）根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars. (2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。 I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there. 2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用 whom(指人指人)或或 which(指物指物)，且关系代词不能省略。，且关系代词不能省略。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. 3I cant find the pen with which I was writing . 3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句中介词的宾语作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词而且作介词 宾语的关系代词可以省略。宾语的关系代词可以省略。 Dad is a person_ (whom/who/that_ I can easily talk to. Is this the play _ (which/that) you were talking about just now? 4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如： This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for. The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 5. 先行词是先行词是 the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用时，引导定语从句的关系词用 that/ in which 或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talke