1一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句 定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从 句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称 限定性定语从句。对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。此外，定语从 句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称 限定性定语从句。对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。此外，定语从 句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。 例 1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996 年真题)例 2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spendingtheir money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.例 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this willtend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, whichwhich in turn will lower the price andpermit more consumers to buy the product.例 4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly. 例 5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled. 例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country. 例 7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例 8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005 年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例 1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xian a few days ago. 例 2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.例 3.However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2009 年第 3 篇)三、考研英语长难句之倒装句三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的 需要。英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。2倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装完全倒装(complete inversion)。如 Then began a bitter war between the two countries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装部分倒装(partial inversion)。如 At no time was the entrance left unguarded.入口无时无人把守。 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装， 二是由于修辞的需要而进行的 倒装。前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误，后一种情况，倒装是选择性的， 倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 例 1Among the advantages that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than todays semiconductor devices. 例 2This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.注意：调整语序，加强语气。 以 There be 引出的倒装句 a. There seem to be many good candidates in the district. b. There exist many problems among the present day students. c. There appears to be a man in black in the distance. 以副词 here, there, then, now, next 引出的倒装句 a. Here come the rest of the party. b. Now comes your turn. c. Then followed the discovery of a new compound. d. Next came Edward with his wife. 以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句 a.At the school gate stood a guard. b. Under the tree are sitting some students. c. On the bed lay a pretty kitten. 主语为代词时，不用倒装 Behind the counter he stood. Behind the counter stood a man with glasses. 以表方位的副词引出的倒装句 a. Up went the arrow into the air. b. Down fell a dozen apples. c. Off went the horse. not 短语置于句首 a. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact. b. Not a moment did she waste on campus. c. Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend. d. Not simple is this book interesting, but also instructive. no 短语置于句首 a. By no means should he be left alone. b. In no way are can we allow this to continue. c. In no case are you to leave your post.3d. On no account should we follow blindly. e. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy. f. No longer are they staying with us. g. No sooner had she finished the poem than the students began go ask her questions. only 置于句首 a. Only by this means is it possible to explain his failure to act decisively. b. Only after making investigation can we have the right to speak. c. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 比较状语从句中的倒装 a. He ran as fast as did the person who came from England. b. I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position. c. The greater the number of the free electrons in a material, the better is the conductivity of the material. 让步状语从句中的倒装 a. Small as atoms, elec